Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a member of the n-3 fatty acid family present in fish oil, has several positive effects on bovine sperm, including membrane integrity, motility and viability, as well as cold sensitivity. Our objective was to investigate effects of varying amounts of omega-3 fatty acids from linseed oil, administered orally, on quality of fresh and frozen-thawed bull sperm. Twenty fertile Holstein bulls (874 ± 45.38 kg) were randomly and equally assigned to four groups and received encapsulated (rumen-protected) fats for 12 weeks, as follows: group P, 300 g palm oil; group Pl, 200 g palm oil + 100 g linseed oil; group pL, 100 g palm oil + 200 g linseed oil; and group L, 300 g linseed oil. Sperm quality of fresh and frozen-thawed semen was evaluated by routine assays including sperm motion characteristics (CASA), membrane integrity (eosin-nigrosin), membrane activity (hypo-osmotic swelling test; HOST) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. There were no significant differences among groups in semen volume, sperm concentration or sperm quality parameters in fresh semen. However, after freezing-thawing, total and progressive motility in group P (59.61 ± 1.95 and 40.19 ± 2.48%, respectively; LSM ± SEM) were lower (P < 0.05) than in groups Pl (66.06 ± 1.95 and 47.53 ± 2.48%), pL (65.67 ± 1.95 and 47.48 ± 2.48%) and L (65.36 ± 1.95 and 47.62 ± 2.48)%, with no significant differences among the latter three groups. Furthermore, membrane integrity (eosin-nigrosin) and activity (HOST) were lower (P < 0.05) in group P (55.79 ± 2.15 and 42.19 ± 2.17%) compared to groups Pl (62.73 ± 2.15 and 48.93 ± 2.17%), pL (64.06 ± 2.15 and 50.01 ± 2.17%) and L (64.47 ± 2.15 and 49.68 ± 2.17%), with no significant differences among the latter three. Furthermore, there were more (P < 0.05) morphologically abnormal sperm in group P (25.99 ± 1.62%) than in groups Pl, PL and L (21.55 ± 1.62, 21.69 ± 1.62 and 20.90 ± 1.62%). In conclusion, feeding Holstein bulls 100-300 g linseed oil daily improved sperm cryotolerance.

中文翻译：

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亚麻籽油中的膳食 omega-3 脂肪酸可改善荷斯坦公牛解冻后的质量，但不会改善新鲜精子的质量

二十二碳六烯酸 (DHA) 是鱼油中存在的 n-3 脂肪酸家族的一员，对牛精子有多种积极影响，包括膜完整性、运动性和活力，以及冷敏感性。我们的目标是研究不同数量的亚麻籽油中的 omega-3 脂肪酸，口服给药，对新鲜和冻融公牛精子的质量的影响。20 只可育荷斯坦公牛 (874 ± 45.38 kg) 被随机且均等地分配到四组并接受封装（瘤胃保护）脂肪 12 周，如下：P 组，300 克棕榈油；Pl组，200克棕榈油+100克亚麻籽油；pL 组，100 克棕榈油 + 200 克亚麻籽油；和L组，300克亚麻籽油。新鲜和冻融精液的精子质量通过常规检测进行评估，包括精子运动特性 (CASA)、膜完整性（伊红-苯胺黑）、膜活性（低渗溶胀试验；HOST）和丙二醛 (MDA) 含量。各组之间在新鲜精液的精液量、精子浓度或精子质量参数方面没有显着差异。然而，在冻融后，P 组（分别为 59.61 ± 1.95 和 40.19 ± 2.48%；LSM ± SEM）的总运动性和渐进性运动性低于（P < 0.05）Pl 组（66.06 ± 1.95 和 47.53 ± 2.48%） ), pL (65.67 ± 1.95 and 47.48 ± 2.48%) and L (65.36 ± 1.95 and 47.62 ± 2.48)%, 后三组间无显着差异。此外，与 Pl 组（62.73 ± 2.15 和 48.93 ± 2.17%）相比，P 组（55.79 ± 2.15 和 42.19 ± 2.17%）的膜完整性（伊红-黑素）和活性（HOST）较低（P < 0.05），pL (64.06 ± 2.15 和 50.01 ± 2.17%) 和 L (64.47 ± 2。15 和 49.68 ± 2.17%），后三者之间没有显着差异。此外，P 组（25.99 ± 1.62%）的形态异常精子数量（P < 0.05）多于 Pl、PL 和 L 组（21.55 ± 1.62、21.69 ± 1.62 和 20.90 ± 1.62%）。总之，每天给荷斯坦公牛喂食 100-300 克亚麻籽油可以改善精子的低温耐受性。