The scientific basis that led to the development of a multispecies concept within the Trichinella genus originated in the 1950s, when scientists began reporting an increasing number of host-specific peculiarities among different geographic isolates. This led to speculation that important geographic variability existed within Trichinella spiralis, the only species in the genus at that time. Comparative infection results sparked great interest among investigators and led to similar studies using various geographic isolates of the parasite. In 1972, the Russian scientists V.A. Britov, S.N. Boev and B.L. Garkavi, described three new species: Trichinella nativa, Trichinella nelsoni and Trichinella pseudospiralis. This shattered the concept that the genus Trichinella was monospecific and widened the host range to include birds. The description of these new species generated an intense debate over their taxonomic validity because there were no clear morphological differences among them and because the concept of sibling species had not yet been accepted by parasitologists. The resolution of the taxonomic issues was facilitated by the adoption of new biochemical and molecular techniques for systematics research. In 1992, the first study comparing 152 isolates from various host species and geographical regions identified eight distinct taxa, coded T1 through T8; four of these represented the previously proposed species and included one new species, Trichinella britovi (T3). During the past 27 years, an increasing number of investigations in different geographical regions and hosts coupled with the availability of new and highly sensitive molecular techniques have allowed the description of four new species; Trichinella murrelli (T5), Trichinella papuae (T10), Trichinella zimbabwensis (T11) and Trichinella patagoniensis (T12), and two new genotypes Trichinella T9 and T13. Thus, the taxonomic status of Trichinella T6, T8, T9 and T13 remain unresolved. These new technologies have also advanced a more complete phylogenetic, zoogeographical and epidemiological knowledge base for future work.

中文翻译：

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过去 60 年的科学成就：从旋毛虫属的单一概念到多物种概念。

导致旋毛虫属内多物种概念发展的科学基础起源于 1950 年代，当时科学家们开始报告不同地理分离株之间越来越多的宿主特异性特征。这导致人们猜测旋毛虫中存在重要的地理变异，这是当时该属中唯一的物种。比较感染结果引起了研究人员的极大兴趣，并导致使用各种地理分离的寄生虫进行了类似的研究。1972 年，俄罗斯科学家 VA Britov、SN Boev 和 BL Garkavi 描述了三个新物种：Trichinella nativa、Trichinella nelsoni 和 Trichinella pseudospiralis。这打破了旋毛虫属单种的概念，并将宿主范围扩大到包括鸟类。对这些新物种的描述引发了对其分类有效性的激烈争论，因为它们之间没有明显的形态差异，而且寄生虫学家尚未接受同胞物种的概念。通过采用新的生物化学和分子技术进行系统学研究，促进了分类学问题的解决。1992 年，第一项研究比较了来自不同宿主物种和地理区域的 152 种分离物，确定了八个不同的分类群，编码为 T1 到 T8；其中四个代表了先前提出的物种，包括一个新物种，Trichinella britovi (T3)。在过去的 27 年里，在不同地理区域和宿主中进行的越来越多的调查，加上新的和高度敏感的分子技术的可用性，使得能够描述四种新物种；Trichinella murrelli (T5)、Trichinella papuae (T10)、Trichinella zimbabwensis (T11) 和 Trichinella patagoniensis (T12)，以及两个新基因型 Trichinella T9 和 T13。因此，旋毛虫 T6、T8、T9 和 T13 的分类地位仍未解决。这些新技术也为未来的工作提供了更完整的系统发育、动物地理和流行病学知识库。T9 和 T13 仍未解决。这些新技术也为未来的工作提供了更完整的系统发育、动物地理和流行病学知识库。T9 和 T13 仍未解决。这些新技术也为未来的工作提供了更完整的系统发育、动物地理和流行病学知识库。