Physical activity increases muscle protein synthesis rates. However, the impact of exercise on the coordinated up- and/or downregulation of individual protein synthesis rates in skeletal muscle tissue remains unclear. The authors assessed the impact of exercise on mixed muscle, myofibrillar, and mitochondrial protein synthesis rates as well as individual protein synthesis rates in vivo in rats. Adult Lewis rats either remained sedentary (n = 3) or had access to a running wheel (n = 3) for the last 2 weeks of a 3-week experimental period. Deuterated water was injected and subsequently administered in drinking water over the experimental period. Blood and soleus muscle were collected and used to assess bulk mixed muscle, myofibrillar, and mitochondrial protein synthesis rates using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and individual muscle protein synthesis rates using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (i.e., dynamic proteomic profiling). Wheel running resulted in greater myofibrillar (3.94 ± 0.26 vs. 3.03 ± 0.15%/day; p < .01) and mitochondrial (4.64 ± 0.24 vs. 3.97 ± 0.26%/day; p < .05), but not mixed muscle (2.64 ± 0.96 vs. 2.38 ± 0.62%/day; p = .71) protein synthesis rates, when compared with the sedentary condition. Exercise impacted the synthesis rates of 80 proteins, with the difference from the sedentary condition ranging between -64% and +420%. Significantly greater synthesis rates were detected for F1-ATP synthase, ATP synthase subunit alpha, hemoglobin, myosin light chain-6, and synaptopodin-2 (p < .05). The skeletal muscle protein adaptive response to endurance-type exercise involves upregulation of mitochondrial protein synthesis rates, but it is highly coordinated as reflected by the up- and downregulation of various individual proteins across different bulk subcellular protein fractions.

中文翻译：

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耐力型运动可增加大鼠的大量和个体线粒体蛋白质合成率。

体育活动增加肌肉蛋白质合成率。然而，运动对骨骼肌组织中单个蛋白质合成速率的协调上调和/或下调的影响仍不清楚。作者评估了运动对大鼠体内混合肌肉、肌原纤维和线粒体蛋白质合成率以及个体蛋白质合成率的影响。在为期 3 周的实验期的最后 2 周，成年 Lewis 大鼠要么保持久坐不动 (n = 3)，要么可以使用跑轮 (n = 3)。在实验期间注射氘化水并随后在饮用水中给药。收集血液和比目鱼肌并用于评估大量混合肌肉、肌原纤维、和使用气相色谱-质谱法的线粒体蛋白质合成率和使用液相色谱-质谱法的单个肌肉蛋白质合成率（即动态蛋白质组学分析）。车轮运行导致更大的肌原纤维（3.94 ± 0.26 vs. 3.03 ± 0.15%/天；p < .01）和线粒体（4.64 ± 0.24 vs. 3.97 ± 0.26%/天；p < .05），但没有混合肌肉（ 2.64 ± 0.96 vs. 2.38 ± 0.62%/天；p = .71) 蛋白质合成率，与久坐状态相比。运动影响了 80 种蛋白质的合成率，与久坐状态的差异在 -64% 和 +420% 之间。检测到 F1-ATP 合酶、ATP 合酶亚基 α、血红蛋白、肌球蛋白轻链 6 和突触足蛋白 2 的合成率显着提高 (p < .05)。