Background As more animal studies start to disentangle pathways linking the gut microbial ecosystem and neurobehavioral traits, human studies have grown rapidly. Many have since investigated the bidirectional communication between the gastrointestinal tract and the central nervous system, specifically on the effects of microbial composition on the brain and development. Methods Our review at the initial stage aimed to evaluate literature on gut microbial alterations in pediatric neurobehavioral conditions. We searched five literature databases (Embase, PubMed, PsychInfo, Scopus, and Medline) and found 4489 published work. As the mechanisms linking gut microbiota to these conditions are divergent, the scope of this review was narrowed to focus on describing gut dysbiosis in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Results Among the final 26 articles, there was a lack of consistency in the reported gut microbiome changes across ASD studies, except for distinguishable patterns, within limits, for Prevotella, Firmicutes at the phylum level, Clostridiales clusters including Clostridium perfringens, and Bifidobacterium species. Conclusions These results were inadequate to confirm a global microbiome change in children with ASD and causality could not be inferred to explain the etiology of the behaviors associated with ASD. Mechanistic studies are needed to elucidate the specific role of the gut microbiome in the pathogenesis of ASD.

中文翻译：

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自闭症谱系障碍儿童肠道微生物群的变化：系统评价。


背景随着越来越多的动物研究开始理清肠道微生物生态系统和神经行为特征之间的联系途径，人类研究也迅速增长。此后，许多人研究了胃肠道和中枢神经系统之间的双向通讯，特别是微生物组成对大脑和发育的影响。方法 我们在初始阶段的综述旨在评估有关儿科神经行为疾病中肠道微生物改变的文献。我们检索了 5 个文献数据库（Embase、PubMed、PsychInfo、Scopus 和 Medline），找到了 4489 篇已发表的作品。由于肠道微生物群与这些疾病之间的联系机制各不相同，因此本次综述的范围缩小到重点描述自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 儿童的肠道菌群失调。结果 在最后 26 篇文章中，除了普氏菌属、门水平的厚壁菌门、包括产气荚膜梭菌在内的梭菌目和双歧杆菌属物种的可区分模式外，各 ASD 研究报告的肠道微生物组变化缺乏一致性。结论 这些结果不足以证实 ASD 儿童的整体微生物组变化，并且无法推断因果关系来解释 ASD 相关行为的病因。需要进行机制研究来阐明肠道微生物组在 ASD 发病机制中的具体作用。