The globally increasing incidence of antibiotic resistance in pathogenic microorganisms such as Shigella, a cause of human acute gastrointestinal infections, calls for developing effective alternatives. In this study, the antibiotic resistance pattern, extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-production, and molecular characteristics of 70 multidrug-resistant isolates belong to the two most frequent species of Shigella genus, that is, Shigella sonnei (44 isolates) and Shigella flexneri (26 isolates) were investigated. These isolates were used to evaluate both specificity and activity of Shigella-specific bacteriophages, vB_SflS-ISF001, vB_SsoS-ISF002, and a cocktail of both. Twelve out of the 21 tested resistance genes were detected in the isolates. About 59% of S. sonnei and 46% of S. flexneri isolates were identified as ESBL producers. The bacteriophages showed a high efficiency of plating (EOP ≥0.5) in about 75% of the isolates. Moreover, the growth of >85% of the isolates was inhibited by the phage cocktail of vB_SflS-ISF001 and vB_SsoS-ISF002. The phage cocktail was effective against a wide range of ESBL-positive and -negative isolates of S. sonnei and S. flexneri. Therefore, this phage cocktail has the potential to inhibit or significantly decrease the spread of drug-resistant Shigella in humans, food chains, and water/wastewater sanitation systems.

中文翻译：

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一种新型的针对多种药物的噬菌体鸡尾酒，具有高效细菌分解活性的志贺氏志贺氏菌和弗氏志贺氏菌的ESBL生产菌株。

致病性微生物（例如志贺氏菌）（人类急性胃肠道感染的病因）中的抗生素抗药性在全球范围内不断增加，因此需要开发有效的替代方法。在这项研究中，抗生素耐药性模式，超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBL）的产生以及70种耐多药分离株的分子特征属于志贺氏菌的两个最常见物种，即志贺氏菌（44株）和福氏志贺氏菌（26株）进行了调查。这些分离物用于评估志贺氏菌的特异性和活性特异性噬菌体vB_SflS-ISF001，vB_SsoS-ISF002以及两者的混合物。在分离株中检测到21种抗药性基因中的12种。大约有59％的索内链球菌和46％的弗氏链球菌分离株被鉴定为ESBL生产者。噬菌体在约75％的分离物中显示出高接种效率（EOP≥0.5）。此外，vB_SflS-ISF001和vB_SsoS-ISF002的噬菌体混合物抑制了> 85％的分离株的生长。噬菌体混合物有效对抗S. sonnei和S. flexneri的多种ESBL阳性和阴性分离株。因此，这种噬菌体混合物具有抑制或显着降低耐药志贺氏菌扩散的潜力。 在人类，食物链和水/废水卫生系统中。