Pediatric intracranial arteriovenous shunts (IAVSs) comprise a wide range of lesions, including pial arteriovenous malformation (AVM) and arteriovenous fistula (AVF), dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) and vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation (VGAM). We provide an overview of pediatric IAVSs, encompassing both diagnosis and endovascular treatment. We include references from pertinent literature and representative cases from our hospital. Pediatric IAVS are frequently associated two broader conditions, such as capillary malformation-arteriovenous malformation (CM-AVM) and hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT). These conditions and the associated genetic mutations have only recently been described. Their impact on the brain will be different in the prenatal period, in neonates, in infants, and in children, with variable symptoms according to each age group and the current strategies of endovascular treatment in the management of these vascular lesions will be discussed. This review could improve the understanding of pediatric IAVSs and their diagnosis and treatment.

中文翻译：

---

小儿颅内动静脉分流术：诊断和治疗进展

小儿颅内动静脉分流术 (IAVS) 包括多种病变，包括软脑膜动静脉畸形 (AVM) 和动静脉瘘 (AVF)、硬脑膜动静脉瘘 (DAVF) 和 Galen 动脉瘤畸形静脉 (VGAM)。我们概述了儿科 IAVS，包括诊断和血管内治疗。我们收录了相关文献和我院代表性病例的参考资料。小儿 IAVS 通常与两种更广泛的疾病相关，例如毛细血管畸形-动静脉畸形 (CM-AVM) 和遗传性出血性毛细血管扩张症 (HHT)。这些条件和相关的基因突变最近才被描述。它们对大脑的影响在产前、新生儿、婴儿和儿童中会有所不同，将讨论根据每个年龄组的不同症状以及血管内治疗管理这些血管病变的当前策略。本综述可以提高对儿科 IAVS 及其诊断和治疗的理解。