Amur ide (Leuciscus waleckii, Family Cyprinidae) is widely distributed in Northeast Asia. L. waleckii usually inhabits freshwater environments but can also survive in the Lake Dali Nur, one of the most extreme aquatic environments on the earth, with an alkalinity up to 50 mmol/L (pH 9.6). To investigate mechanisms of mitogenomic evolution underlying adaptation to extreme environments, we determined 30 complete mitogenomes that included Lake Dali Nur (alkaline environment, AL) population and Amur basin (freshwater environment, FW) population. Through phylogenetic and divergence time analysis, we found that AL and FW populations forming distinct two groups which were consistent with geographic divergence (the formation of Lake Dali Nur). In addition, we found that almost of the windows exhibited higher nucleotide diversity in FW population (avg 0.0046) than AL population (avg 0.0012). This result indicated that severe environment selection had remarkably reduced the genetic diversity of mitogenome in AL population and suggested that severe environment selection had remarkably reduced the genetic diversity of mitogenome in the AL population. Compared with the FW population (ω = 0.064), the AL population (ω = 0.092) had a larger mean ω (dN/dS ratios) value for the 13 concatenated mitochondrial protein-coding genes, indicating that the high alkaline tolerated group had accumulated more nonsynonymous mutations. These nonsynonymous mutations had resulted in slightly beneficial amino acid changes that allowed adaption to the severe conditions. This study provides an additional view to decipher the adaptive mitogenome evolution of L. waleckii of the high alkaline environment.

中文翻译：

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适应极端碱性环境的阿穆尔河狼（Leuciscus waleckii）的线粒体学观点。

阿穆尔河ide（Leuciscus waleckii，Cyprinidae科）在东北亚分布广泛。沃里克通常居住在淡水环境中，但也可以在碱度高达50 mmol / L（pH 9.6）的地球上最极端的水生环境之一的达里努尔湖中生存。为了研究适应极端环境的线粒体进化机制，我们确定了30个完整的有丝分裂基因组，其中包括达里湖（碱性环境，AL）种群和阿穆尔盆地（淡水环境，FW）种群。通过系统发育和发散时间分析，我们发现AL和FW种群形成了不同的两组，这与地理发散（大理努尔湖的形成）一致。此外，我们发现FW群体（平均0.0046）中的窗口几乎比AL群体（平均0.0012）显示出更高的核苷酸多样性。该结果表明，严格的环境选择显着降低了AL群体中有丝分裂基因组的遗传多样性，并表明严格的环境选择显着降低了AL群体中有丝分裂基因组的遗传多样性。与FW人群相比（ω  = 0.064），对于13个串联的线粒体蛋白编码基因，AL群体（ω  = 0.092）的平均值ω（dN / dS比）值较大，表明高耐碱组积累了更多的非同义突变。这些非同义的突变导致氨基酸的轻微改变，从而可以适应恶劣的条件。这项研究提供了另一种观点，以解释高碱性环境中沃氏乳杆菌的适应性有丝分裂基因组进化。