OBJECTIVE This study presents a prospective evaluation of the contribution of criminogenic factors, psychiatric symptomatology, and neighborhood-level factors to risk for self-reported gun violence by adolescents with criminal justice involvement. HYPOTHESIS We hypothesized that elevated psychiatric symptom clusters would be associated with increased risk for gun violence after accounting for criminogenic factors and that neighborhood contextual variables would contribute independently to gun violence risk controlling for criminogenic and psychiatric factors. METHOD Data were drawn from the Pathways to Desistance study (Mulvey et al., 2004), a previously collected, longitudinal evaluation of 1,354 adolescents with felony or weapons-based misdemeanor convictions. Participants were located in Arizona and Pennsylvania and aged 14-18 at baseline. The majority identified as male (86.4%) and Black (41.4%) or Hispanic (33.5%). Participants completed interviews at baseline and follow-up over 7 years. This study drew indicators of criminogenic factors, psychiatric factors, ratings of neighborhood context, and self-reported offending. We used discrete time survival analysis to prospectively evaluate the contribution of independent variables to time to gun violence. RESULTS The presence of self-reported threat control override symptoms represented a 56% increase in risk controlling for demographic and criminogenic factors, odds ratio = 1.56, 95% confidence interval [1.11, 2.18]. Ratings of higher neighborhood gun accessibility represented almost 2.5 times increased risk for self-reported gun violence controlling for demographic, criminogenic, and psychiatric factors, odds ratio = 2.48, 95% confidence interval [1.60, 3.85]. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that consideration of both environmental and individual-level factors hold importance for management of community risk and public safety for adolescents with criminal justice involvement. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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涉及刑事司法的青少年枪支暴力的相关性。

目的本研究对犯罪因素，精神病学症状学和邻里水平因素对参与刑事司法的青少年自我报告的枪支暴力风险的贡献进行了前瞻性评估。假设我们假设，在考虑到犯罪因素后，精神症状群的增加会与枪支暴力的风险增加有关，而邻里上下文变量将独立控制枪支暴力对犯罪和精神因素的控制。方法数据来自“抗药途径”研究（Mulvey等人，2004年），该研究是先前收集的对1,354名重罪或基于武器的轻罪定罪青少年的纵向评估。参加者分别位于亚利桑那州和宾夕法尼亚州，基线时年龄为14-18岁。多数为男性（86.4％）和黑人（41.4％）或西班牙裔（33.5％）。参与者完成了基线访问并进行了7年的随访。这项研究绘制了犯罪因素，精神病因素，邻里环境等级和自我报告犯罪的指标。我们使用离散时间生存分析来前瞻性地评估自变量对枪支暴力时间的贡献。结果自我报告的威胁控制覆盖症状的存在表示人口统计学和犯罪因素的风险控制增加了56％，优势比= 1.56，95％置信区间[1.11，2.18]。较高的邻里枪支可及性等级代表自我报告的枪支暴力控制人口，犯罪和精神病因素的风险增加了将近2.5倍，优势比= 2.48，95％置信区间[1.60，3.85]。结论结果表明，对环境因素和个人因素的考虑对于管理刑事司法青少年的社区风险和公共安全至关重要。（PsycINFO数据库记录（c）2020 APA，保留所有权利）。