Reinwardtia indica belongs to Linaceae family and used as a folk medicine in Asian countries. Traditionally, it has been used in the treatment of paralysis and anti-microbial in wound healing, etc. The current study was undertaken in order to investigate the antioxidant and memory protective effect of the alcoholic (99.90%) (AERI) and hydro-alcoholic (70:30) leaves extract (HAERI) of Reinwardtia indica, against scopolamine-induced memory impairment in animals and also tried to determine the possible mechanism of action. In addition, phytochemical profiling of alcoholic leaves extract was also conducted through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). Rats were pretreated with AERI, HAERI (dose 250 and 500 mg/kg) and Donepezil (standard drug) along with scopolamine (1 mg/kg) for a period of 14 days followed by different test like elevated plus maze, passive avoidance, and Morris water maze to assess learning and memory ability. Acetylcholine levels, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT & GSH), histopathology of the brain and biochemical test were also performed at the end of the treatment period. The scopolamine treatment resulted in learning and memory deficits which were partially and significantly ameliorated by the AERI at higher dose among other doses of extracts. The AERI at higher dose also counteracted the scopolamine-induced decrease in acetylcholine levels, increase in AChE activity, and decrease in antioxidant enzymes activities. No significant changes observed in the biochemical estimation of all dose of extracts. Histology of brain tissue showed the marked cellular changes in only scopolamine treated group while the standard, AERI and HAERI treated group were showing less damage at hippocampus region of the brain. The phytochemicals found after chemical profiling through GC-MS also supported the activity because of the presence of chemicals already reported for the neuroprotective, memory-enhancing and antioxidant activity, etc. The results demonstrated that the ability of the AERI at higher dose among all doses of extracts has more potential to revert the scopolamine-induced learning and memory deficits in rats by attenuating the decreased level of acetylcholine and antioxidant enzymes.

中文翻译：

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Reinwardtia indica 通过减轻氧化应激对东莨菪碱诱导的大鼠记忆障碍的神经保护作用。

Reinwardtia indica 属于亚麻科，在亚洲国家被用作民间药物。传统上，它已被用于治疗麻痹和伤口愈合中的抗菌等。目前的研究是为了研究酒精 (99.90%) (AERI) 和水酒精的抗氧化和记忆保护作用。 (70:30) Reinwardtia indica 叶提取物 (HAERI)，对抗东莨菪碱诱导的动物记忆障碍，并试图确定可能的作用机制。此外，还通过气相色谱-质谱法 (GC-MS/MS) 对酒精叶提取物进行了植物化学分析。大鼠用 AERI 预处理，HAERI（剂量 250 和 500 毫克/公斤）和多奈哌齐（标准药物）以及东莨菪碱（1 毫克/公斤）为期 14 天，然后进行不同的测试，如高架十字迷宫、被动回避和莫里斯水迷宫以评估学习和记忆能力。在治疗期结束时还进行了乙酰胆碱水平、乙酰胆碱酯酶 (AChE)、抗氧化酶 (SOD、CAT 和 GSH)、脑组织病理学和生化测试。东莨菪碱治疗导致学习和记忆缺陷，在其他剂量的提取物中，AERI 在较高剂量下部分和显着改善了这种缺陷。较高剂量的 AERI 还抵消了东莨菪碱诱导的乙酰胆碱水平降低、AChE 活性增加和抗氧化酶活性降低。在所有提取物剂量的生化评估中未观察到显着变化。脑组织的组织学显示仅东莨菪碱治疗组有明显的细胞变化，而标准、AERI和HAERI治疗组的脑海马区损伤较小。通过 GC-MS 进行化学分析后发现的植物化学物质也支持该活性，因为已经报告了具有神经保护、记忆增强和抗氧化活性等作用的化学物质。 结果表明，在所有剂量中，AERI 在较高剂量下的能力提取物通过减弱乙酰胆碱和抗氧化酶水平的降低，更有可能逆转东莨菪碱诱导的大鼠学习和记忆缺陷。脑组织的组织学显示仅东莨菪碱治疗组有明显的细胞变化，而标准、AERI和HAERI治疗组的脑海马区损伤较小。通过 GC-MS 进行化学分析后发现的植物化学物质也支持该活性，因为已经报告了具有神经保护、记忆增强和抗氧化活性等作用的化学物质。 结果表明，在所有剂量中，AERI 在较高剂量下的能力提取物通过减弱乙酰胆碱和抗氧化酶水平的降低，更有可能逆转东莨菪碱诱导的大鼠学习和记忆缺陷。脑组织的组织学显示仅东莨菪碱治疗组有明显的细胞变化，而标准、AERI和HAERI治疗组的脑海马区损伤较小。通过 GC-MS 进行化学分析后发现的植物化学物质也支持该活性，因为已经报告了具有神经保护、记忆增强和抗氧化活性等作用的化学物质。 结果表明，在所有剂量中，AERI 在较高剂量下的能力提取物通过减弱乙酰胆碱和抗氧化酶水平的降低，更有可能逆转东莨菪碱诱导的大鼠学习和记忆缺陷。