Human beings organise socially. Theories have posited that interpersonal neural synchronisation might underlie the creation of affiliative bonds. Previous studies tested this hypothesis mainly during a social interaction, making it difficult to determine whether the identified synchronisation is associated with affiliative bonding or with social interaction. This study addressed this issue by focusing on the teacher-student relationship in the resting state both before and after a teaching period. Brain activity was simultaneously measured in both individuals using functional near-infrared spectroscopy. The results showed a significant increase in brain synchronisation at the right sensorimotor cortex between the teacher and student in the resting state after, but not before, the teaching period. Moreover, the synchronisation increased only after a turn-taking mode of teaching but not after a lecturing or video mode of teaching. A chain mediation analysis showed that brain synchronisation during teaching partially mediated the relationship between the brain synchronisation increase in the resting state and strength of the affiliative bond. Finally, both role assignment and social interaction were found to be required for affiliative bonding. Together, these results support the hypothesis that interpersonal synchronisation in brain activity underlies affiliative bonding and that social interaction mechanically mediates the bonding process.

中文翻译：

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通过人际活动中人与人之间的同步，在师生之间建立联结关系。

人类在社会上组织起来。有理论认为，人际神经同步可能是隶属关系的建立的基础。先前的研究主要在社交互动过程中检验了这一假设，这使得很难确定所识别的同步是否与从属关系或社交互动有关。这项研究通过关注教学之前和之后处于静止状态的师生关系来解决这个问题。使用功能近红外光谱法同时测量了两个人的大脑活动。结果显示，在教学阶段之后（而不是在教学阶段之前），处于静止状态的师生之间右感觉运动皮层的大脑同步性显着提高。此外，同步仅在轮到教学模式之后增加，而在讲课或视频教学模式之后则没有增加。链调解分析表明，在教学过程中，大脑同步部分地介导了大脑同步在静息状态增加与隶属键强度之间的关系。最后，发现归属关系需要角色分配和社交互动。总之，这些结果支持以下假设：大脑活动中的人际同步是从属结合的基础，而社交互动则机械地介导了结合过程。链式调解分析表明，在教学过程中，大脑同步部分地介导了静止状态下大脑同步增强与联系键强度之间的关系。最后，发现归属关系需要角色分配和社交互动。总之，这些结果支持以下假设：大脑活动中的人际同步是从属结合的基础，而社交互动则机械地介导了结合过程。链式调解分析表明，在教学过程中，大脑同步部分地介导了静止状态下大脑同步增强与联系键强度之间的关系。最后，发现成员关系和社交互动都是必需的。总之，这些结果支持以下假设：大脑活动中的人际同步是从属结合的基础，而社交互动则机械地介导了结合过程。