In this study, we investigated the effects of dietary supplementation of Citrus tumida hort. ex Tanaka on food intake, body and fat tissue weights, and metabolic profiles of plasma and liver in mice. Supplementation with 5% (w/w) of peels of immature C. tumida (PIC) for 4 weeks significantly suppressed body weight gain and decreased adipose tissue weight in epididymal, perirenal, and subcutaneous fats. Metabolome analyses showed that 2-hydroxyvaleric acid levels were reduced in the blood plasma of mice fed with PIC. PIC supplementation significantly elevated dipeptide (Thr-Asp, Ser-Glu, and Ala-Ala), glucuronic acid, and S-methylglutathione levels, and significantly reduced betaine aldehyde levels in the liver. In conclusion, PIC supplementation affects the metabolism of fatty acids, pectin, glutathione, and choline, showing potential beneficial effects for metabolic syndrome and obesity. PIC may be developed as a functional food and used in the treatment of these diseases.

中文翻译：

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饲喂未成熟柑橘皮的小鼠血浆和肝脏的代谢组学分析。

在这项研究中，我们调查了柑橘类食物对膳食补充的影响。田中食品的摄入量，人体和脂肪组织的重量以及小鼠血浆和肝脏的代谢情况。补充5％（w / w）的未成熟C. tumida（PIC）果皮4周可显着抑制体重增加，并降低附睾，肾周和皮下脂肪的脂肪组织重量。代谢组学分析表明，喂食PIC的小鼠血浆中2-羟基戊酸水平降低。PIC补充显着提高了二肽（Thr-Asp，Ser-Glu和Ala-Ala），葡萄糖醛酸和S-甲基谷胱甘肽的水平，并显着降低了肝脏的甜菜碱醛水平。总之，PIC补充会影响脂肪酸，果胶，谷胱甘肽和胆碱的代谢，对代谢综合症和肥胖症具有潜在的有益作用。PIC可以开发为功能性食品，并用于治疗这些疾病。