Nonclonal innate immune responses mediated by germ line-encoded receptors, such as Toll-like receptors or natural killer receptors, are commonly contrasted with diverse, clonotypic adaptive responses of lymphocyte antigen receptors generated by somatic recombination. However, the Variable (V) regions of antigen receptors include germ line-encoded motifs unaltered by somatic recombination, and theoretically available to mediate nonclonal, innate responses, that are independent of or largely override clonotypic responses. Recent evidence demonstrates that such responses exist, underpinning the associations of particular γδ T cell receptors (TCRs) with specific anatomical sites. Thus, TCRγδ can make innate and adaptive responses with distinct functional outcomes. Given that αβ T cells and B cells can also make nonclonal responses, we consider that innate responses of antigen receptor V-regions may be more widespread, for example, inducing states of preparedness from which adaptive clones are better selected. We likewise consider that potent, nonclonal T cell responses to microbial superantigens may reflect subversion of physiologic innate responses of TCRα/β chains.

中文翻译：

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适应性抗原受体的先天生物学。

由生殖系编码受体（例如 Toll 样受体或自然杀伤受体）介导的非克隆先天免疫反应通常与体细胞重组产生的淋巴细胞抗原受体的多种克隆型适应性反应形成对比。然而，抗原受体的可变 (V) 区包括未受体细胞重组改变的种系编码基序，理论上可用于介导非克隆的先天反应，这些反应独立于或在很大程度上超越克隆型反应。最近的证据表明存在这种反应，支持特定 γδ T 细胞受体 (TCR) 与特定解剖部位的关联。因此，TCRγδ 可以做出具有不同功能结果的先天和适应性反应。鉴于 αβ T 细胞和 B 细胞也可以做出非克隆性反应，我们认为抗原受体 V 区的先天反应可能更广泛，例如，诱导准备状态，从中可以更好地选择适应性克隆。我们同样认为，对微生物超抗原的有效非克隆 T 细胞反应可能反映了 TCRα/β 链生理先天反应的颠覆。