OBJECTIVE Studies on population genetics have become highly relevant for understanding the evolutionary history of human settlement in southern South America. The eastern Pampa-Patagonia transition is an area that stands out due to its complex population dynamics, especially during the last about 1,000 years BP. The aim of this work is to characterize the maternal lineages of individuals buried in the Paso Alsina 1 archaeological site (ca. 500 years BP) through the analysis of mitochondrial genetic variability, in order to discuss the population models previously proposed for the southern cone of South America. METHODS Mitochondrial HyperVariable Region I sequences were analyzed on teeth belonging to 20 adult individuals. Statistical analyses were carried out to compare the interpopulation and intrapopulation molecular variability between the results obtained in this work and those previously published data from pre-Hispanic human groups. D1 haplotype network was constructed drawing from data on ancient and extant population group samples. RESULTS Thirteen sequences (65%) were obtained from the 20 analyzed samples. The maternal lineages or subhaplogroups identified were D1g (69.24%), C1 (15.38%), D1 (7.69%), and D1j (7.69%). There was low haplotype variability within the site; some individuals could be matrilineally related. DISCUSSION The subhaplogroups registered in Paso Alsina 1 site are in accordance with those reported for ancient and contemporary Patagonian populations. The results suggest that an initial nucleus of individuals carrying mostly subhaplogroup D1g settled in northern Patagonia, from which local diversity of this matrilineage could have arisen. The existence of gene flow in the final late Holocene with groups from Northern Andean Patagonia, as well as from Central Argentina, is proposed. The D1j variant probably developed in the latter region.

中文翻译：

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在最后的全新世末期，对东部潘帕-巴塔哥尼亚过渡带的线粒体谱系进行了首次分析。

目的人口遗传学研究对理解南美洲南部人类住区的进化历史具有高度意义。东部的潘帕-巴塔哥尼亚过渡带由于其复杂的人口动态而引人注目，尤其是在过去大约1,000年的BP中。这项工作的目的是通过分析线粒体的遗传变异性来描述埋葬在Paso Alsina 1考古遗址（大约500年BP）中的个体的母系血统，以讨论先前为南锥南部提出的种群模型。南美洲。方法分析属于20位成年个体的牙齿的线粒体超可变区I序列。进行了统计分析，以比较这项工作获得的结果与西班牙裔前人类群体先前发表的数据之间的种群间和种群内分子变异性。D1单倍型网络是根据古代和现存人群样本数据构建的。结果从20个分析样品中获得了13个序列（65％）。确定的产妇血统或亚单元组为D1g（69.24％），C1（15.38％），D1（7.69％）和D1j（7.69％）。该位点内单倍型变异性低；有些人可能是母系亲戚。讨论在Paso Alsina 1站点注册的亚单元组与为古代和现代巴塔哥尼亚人所报告的亚单元组一致。结果表明，主要携带亚单元群D1g的个体的初始核定居在巴塔哥尼亚北部，由此可能产生这种母系的局部多样性。有人提出，在晚期新世末期存在基因流，其中包括来自北安第斯巴塔哥尼亚和阿根廷中部的群体。D1j变体可能是在后者地区开发的。