Tumor suppressor genes encode critical intracellular regulators, such as the retinoblastoma protein. They control processes including cell proliferation, cell survival, and responses to DNA damage and are frequently mutated in cancer. In this excerpt from his forthcoming book on the history of cancer research, Joe Lipsick looks back at the discovery of tumor suppressor genes, covering the early work on cell fusion by Henry Harris, Knudson's two-hit hypothesis, the genetic mapping studies that first identified the RB gene, and subsequent work on silencing.

中文翻译：

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癌症研究史：肿瘤抑制基因。

肿瘤抑制基因编码关键的细胞内调节因子，例如视网膜母细胞瘤蛋白。它们控制细胞增殖、细胞存活和对 DNA 损伤的反应等过程，并且在癌症中经常发生突变。在乔·利普西克（Joe Lipsick）即将出版的关于癌症研究史的书中的摘录中，他回顾了肿瘤抑制基因的发现，涵盖了亨利·哈里斯（Henry Harris）关于细胞融合的早期工作、克努森的两次打击假设、首次发现肿瘤抑制基因的基因图谱研究RB 基因，以及随后的沉默工作。