Berberine (BBR) is a protoberberine alkaloid extracted from plants such as Coptis japonica (Ranunculaceae). In a previous report, we demonstrated the existence of a 11-hydroxylation pathway employed by BBR-utilizing bacteria for metabolism of BBR. In the present study, we report the identification of the genes brhA, brhB, and brhC as encoding a multicomponent BBR 11-hydroxylase in Burkholderia sp. strain CJ1. BrhA is belonging to the Rieske non-heme iron oxygenase (RO) family, a class of enzymes known to catalyze the first step in bacterial aromatic-ring hydroxylation. We further demonstrate that BrhA activity requires BrhB (ferredoxin reductase) and BrhC (ferredoxin) as electron transport chain components. A BLAST search revealed that BrhA exhibits 38% and 33% sequence identity to dicamba O-demethylase (DdmC; AY786443) and chloroacetanilide herbicides N-dealkylase (CndA; KJ461679), respectively. To our knowledge, this work represents the first report of a bacterial oxygenase catalyzing the metabolism of a polycyclic aromatic-ring alkaloid.Abbreviations: BBR: berberine; D-BBR: demethyleneberberine; H-BBR: 11-hydroxyberberine; HD-BBR: 11-hydroxydemethyleneberberine; HDBA: 2-hydroxy-3,4-dimethoxybenzeneacetic acid; PAL: palmatine; H-PAL: 11-hydroxypalmatine; BRU: berberrubine; Fd: ferredoxin; FdR: ferredoxin reductase; ETC: electron transport chain.

中文翻译：

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鉴定自伯克霍尔德氏菌的多组分小ber碱11-羟化酶。菌株CJ1。

小ber碱（BBR）是一种从植物中提取的原小ber碱生物碱，例如黄连（毛opti科）。在以前的报告中，我们证明了利用BBR的细菌用于BBR代谢的11-羟基化途径的存在。在本研究中，我们报告了在Burkholderia sp。中编码brhA，brhB和brhC基因作为编码多组分BBR 11-羟化酶的鉴定。菌株CJ1。BrhA属于Rieske非血红素铁氧化酶（RO）家族，是一类已知可催化细菌芳香环羟化第一步的酶。我们进一步证明，BrhA活性需要BrhB（铁氧还蛋白还原酶）和BrhC（铁氧还蛋白）作为电子传输链成分。BLAST搜索显示，BrhA与麦草畏O-脱甲基酶（DdmC; AY786443）和氯乙酰苯胺除草剂N-脱烷基酶（CndA; KJ461679）。据我们所知，这项工作代表了细菌加氧酶催化多环芳族环生物碱代谢的首次报道。D-BBR：脱亚甲基小ber碱；H-BBR：11-羟基小ber碱；HD-BBR：11-羟基脱甲基小ber碱；HDBA：2-羟基-3,4-二甲氧基苯乙酸；PAL：巴马汀；H-PAL：11-羟基巴马汀；BRU：小ber红素；Fd：铁氧还蛋白；FdR：铁氧还蛋白还原酶；ETC：电子传输链。11-羟基脱亚甲基小ber碱; HDBA：2-羟基-3,4-二甲氧基苯乙酸；PAL：巴马汀；H-PAL：11-羟基巴马汀；BRU：小ber红素；Fd：铁氧还蛋白；FdR：铁氧还蛋白还原酶；ETC：电子传输链。11-羟基脱亚甲基小ber碱; HDBA：2-羟基-3,4-二甲氧基苯乙酸；PAL：巴马汀；H-PAL：11-羟基巴马汀；BRU：小ber红素；Fd：铁氧还蛋白；FdR：铁氧还蛋白还原酶；ETC：电子传输链。