BACKGROUND The positive effect of exercise on blood pressure has been reported in studies that investigated mostly patients with hypertension but without diabetes mellitus. However, the effect of exercise in adults with both hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is unclear, and no systematic review and meta-analysis has been conducted to clarify this effect. OBJECTIVE This study was a systematic review and meta-analysis designed to investigate the effects of exercise on adults with both hypertension and T2DM. METHODS Studies were selected using electronic databases. Data were extracted using a standardized protocol. The risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane Collaboration's tool. To estimate the effect size, a meta-analysis of the studies was conducted. RESULTS Of 3207 publications identified, 8 trials were used to estimate the effect size of exercise. Effect sizes (weighted mean difference [WMD]) were heterogeneous, and random-effects models were used. Exercise was effective for systolic blood pressure (WMD, -5.25 mm Hg; 95% confidence interval [CI], -8.39 to -2.12), diastolic blood pressure (WMD, -3.16 mm Hg; 95% CI, -4.91 to -1.40), body mass index (WMD, -1.47 kg/m; 95% CI, -2.39 to -0.55), and waist circumference (WMD, -2.91 cm; 95% CI, -5.68 to -0.15). In subgroup analyses, aerobic exercise seemed to be the most effective intervention for lowering systolic (WMD, -9.43 mm Hg; 95% CI, -13.63 to -5.23) and diastolic (WMD, -5.90 mm Hg; 95% CI, -7.69 to -4.11) blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS Exercise seemed effective in reducing systolic and diastolic blood pressure, with subgroup analyses indicating that this effect was most profound with aerobic exercise.

中文翻译：

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运动干预对高血压和 2 型糖尿病成人的影响：系统评价和荟萃分析。

背景 研究报告了运动对血压的积极影响，这些研究主要调查患有高血压但没有糖尿病的患者。然而，运动对患有高血压和 2 型糖尿病 (T2DM) 的成人的影响尚不清楚，也没有进行系统评价和荟萃分析来阐明这种影响。目的 本研究是一项系统评价和荟萃分析，旨在调查运动对成人高血压和 T2DM 的影响。方法 使用电子数据库选择研究。使用标准化协议提取数据。使用 Cochrane Collaboration 的工具评估偏倚风险。为了估计效应量，对研究进行了荟萃分析。结果 在确定的 3207 篇出版物中，8 项试验用于估计运动的效果大小。效应大小（加权平均差 [WMD]）是异质的，并且使用了随机效应模型。运动对收缩压（WMD，-5.25 毫米汞柱；95% 置信区间 [CI]，-8.39 至 -2.12）、舒张压（WMD，-3.16 毫米汞柱；95% CI，-4.91 至 -1.40）有效）、体重指数（WMD，-1.47 kg/m；95% CI，-2.39 至 -0.55）和腰围（WMD，-2.91 cm；95% CI，-5.68 至 -0.15）。在亚组分析中，有氧运动似乎是降低收缩压（WMD，-9.43 mm Hg；95% CI，-13.63 至 -5.23）和舒张压（WMD，-5.90 mm Hg；95% CI，-7.69）的最有效干预措施至 -4.11) 血压。结论 运动似乎能有效降低收缩压和舒张压，