Mind-set refers to people’s beliefs about whether attributes are malleable (growth mind-set) or unchangeable ( fixed mind-set). Proponents of mind-set theory have made bold claims about mind-set’s importance. For example, one’s mind-set is described as having profound effects on one’s motivation and achievements, creating different psychological worlds for people, and forming the core of people’s meaning systems. We examined the evidentiary strength of six key premises of mind-set theory in 438 participants; we reasoned that strongly worded claims should be supported by equally strong evidence. However, no support was found for most premises. All associations (rs) were significantly weaker than .20. Other achievement-motivation constructs, such as self-efficacy and need for achievement, have been found to correlate much more strongly with presumed associates of mind-set. The strongest association with mind-set (r = −.12) was opposite from the predicted direction. The results suggest that the foundations of mind-set theory are not firm and that bold claims about mind-set appear to be overstated.

中文翻译：

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思维定势理论的基础有多牢固？索赔似乎比证据更有力

心态是指人们对属性是可塑性（成长心态）还是不可改变（固定心态）的信念。心态理论的支持者对心态的重要性提出了大胆的主张。例如，一个人的心态被描述为对一个人的动机和成就产生深远的影响，为人们创造不同的心理世界，形成人们意义系统的核心。我们在 438 名参与者中检查了心态理论的六个关键前提的证据强度；我们推断，措辞强烈的主张应该得到同样有力的证据的支持。但是，大多数场所都没有找到支持。所有关联 (rs) 都明显弱于 0.20。其他成就动机结构，例如自我效能感和成就需要，已被发现与假定的思维模式相关联。与心态的最强关联 (r = -.12) 与预测方向相反。结果表明，心态理论的基础并不牢固，关于心态的大胆主张似乎被夸大了。