Genomic studies of yeasts from the wild have increased considerably in the last few years. This revolution has been fueled by advances in high-throughput sequencing technologies and a better understanding of yeast ecology and phylogeography, especially for biotechnologically important species. The present review aims to first introduce new bioinformatic tools available for the generation and analysis of yeast genomes. We also assess the accumulated genomic data of wild isolates of industrially relevant species, such as Saccharomyces spp., which provide unique opportunities to further investigate the domestication processes associated with the fermentation industry and opportunistic pathogenesis. The availability of genome sequences of other less conventional yeasts obtained from the wild has also increased substantially, including representatives of the phyla Ascomycota (e.g. Hanseniaspora) and Basidiomycota (e.g. Phaffia). Here we review salient examples of both fundamental and applied research that demonstrate the importance of continuing to sequence and analyze genomes of wild yeasts.

中文翻译：

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走进野外：来自自然环境的新酵母基因组及其分析新工具。

过去几年，对野生酵母的基因组研究大幅增加。高通量测序技术的进步以及对酵母生态学和系统发育地理学的更好理解，特别是对于生物技术上重要的物种，推动了这场革命。本综述旨在首先介绍可用于酵母基因组生成和分析的新生物信息学工具。我们还评估了工业相关物种（例如酵母属）野生分离株积累的基因组数据，这为进一步研究与发酵工业和机会发病机制相关的驯化过程提供了独特的机会。从野外获得的其他不太常规酵母的基因组序列的可用性也大幅增加，包括子囊菌门（例如汉逊酵母）和担子菌门（例如法夫酵母）的代表。在这里，我们回顾了基础和应用研究的突出例子，这些例子证明了继续对野生酵母基因组进行测序和分析的重要性。