Extracellular vesicles (EVs) can be classified into several types based on their different biosyntheses or release pathways, including exosomes, microvesicles, apoptotic bodies, and large oncosomes. As they contain DNAs, RNAs, proteins, and other bioactive signals, EVs have been utilized in the diagnosis field for a long time. Considering the fact that stem cells have been widely used for tissue regeneration and EVs possess similar biological properties to their source cells, tissue regeneration abilities of EVs have recently attracted much attention in the regenerative medicine field. In this paper, recent advances and challenges of EVs applied in the repair and regeneration of damaged tissues, such as skin, heart, liver, kidney, bone, and central nervous system, have been summarized. Specifically, critical bioactive molecules, which are encapsulated within EVs and play significant roles in the tissue regeneration, have been highlighted. Finally, the prospects and future development directions of the application of EVs in the field of tissue regeneration have been discussed.

中文翻译：

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细胞外囊泡在组织再生中的应用。


细胞外囊泡（EV）根据其不同的生物合成或释放途径可分为多种类型，包括外泌体、微泡、凋亡小体和大肿瘤体。由于 EV 含有 DNA、RNA、蛋白质和其他生物活性信号，因此长期以来一直被用于诊断领域。考虑到干细胞已广泛用于组织再生，并且EV具有与其源细胞相似的生物学特性，EV的组织再生能力最近在再生医学领域引起了广泛关注。本文总结了电动汽车应用于皮肤、心脏、肝脏、肾脏、骨骼和中枢神经系统等受损组织修复和再生的最新进展和挑战。具体来说，封装在 EV 内并在组织再生中发挥重要作用的关键生物活性分子已得到强调。最后，对EVs在组织再生领域的应用前景和未来发展方向进行了探讨。