The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with zinc oxide (ZnO) and chitosan-zinc nanoparticles (chitosan-ZnO NPs) on biochemical, immunological, and antioxidant biomarkers in blood of juvenile belugas (Huso huso). The beluga juveniles with initial weight of 287 ± 46 g were fed with eight experimental diets containing 0 g kg-1 ZnO (the control diet); 10, 20, and 40 mg kg-1 ZnO; and 10, 20, and 40 mg kg-1 chitosan-ZnO NPs and 36 mg kg-1 chitosan. After 28 days of culture, the fish were fed with ZnO and chitosan-ZnO NP-supplemented diets showed a more significant increase in total antioxidant capacity (TAC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity (p < 0.05) compared to the control group. There were no significant differences (p > 0.05) in malondialdehyde (MDA) and glucose level in all treatment groups. The results showed that with increasing levels of ZnO and chitosan-ZnO NPs, alternative complement activity (ACH50), and total immunoglobulin, total protein, albumin, and lysozyme had a significant increase in fish fed with ZnO and chitosan-ZnO NP-supplemented diets compared to the control group (p < 0.05). ALP, ALT, and AST enzyme activities showed significant difference between control and treatment groups (p > 0.05), while the levels of LDH enzyme activity, urea, and creatinine decreased by increasing both ZnO and chitosan-ZnO NP levels. These results demonstrated that dietary chitosan-ZnO NPs could improve the health status, immune function, and antioxidant capacity of the cultured beluga juvenile.

中文翻译：

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在饮食中ZnO和壳聚糖-ZnO NPs的作用下，白细胞（Huso huso）血液中生化，免疫和抗氧化生物标志物的波动。

本研究的目的是研究日粮中添加氧化锌（ZnO）和壳聚糖锌纳米颗粒（chitosan-ZnO NPs）对贝鲁加斯（Huso huso）血液中生化，免疫和抗氧化生物标志物的影响。初始体重为287±46 g的白鲸幼鱼饲喂八种含0 g kg-1 ZnO的实验日粮（对照日粮）；10、20和40 mg kg-1 ZnO；以及10、20和40 mg kg-1壳聚糖-ZnO NP和36 mg kg-1壳聚糖。养殖28天后，给鱼饲喂ZnO和补充壳聚糖-ZnO NP的日粮，其总抗氧化能力（TAC），超氧化物歧化酶（SOD），过氧化氢酶（CAT），谷胱甘肽（GSH），谷胱甘肽增加了与对照组相比，过氧化物酶（GPX）和谷胱甘肽S-转移酶（GST）活性（p <0.05）。在所有治疗组中，丙二醛（MDA）和葡萄糖水平无显着差异（p> 0.05）。结果表明，随着ZnO和壳聚糖-ZnO NP补充日粮的添加，ZnO和壳聚糖-ZnO NPs的水平增加，替代补体活性（ACH50）和总免疫球蛋白，总蛋白，白蛋白和溶菌酶的含量显着增加。与对照组相比（p <0.05）。对照组和治疗组之间的ALP，ALT和AST酶活性存在显着差异（p> 0.05），而ZnO和壳聚糖-ZnO NP含量的升高均降低了LDH酶活性，尿素和肌酐的水平。这些结果表明，饮食中的壳聚糖-ZnO NPs可以改善养殖的白鲸的健康状况，免疫功能和抗氧化能力。