Sepsis is an infection-induced systemic inflammatory syndrome. The immune response in sepsis is characterized by the activation of both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory pathways. When sepsis occurs, the expression and activity of many inflammatory cytokines are markedly affected. Xenobiotic receptors are chemical-sensing transcription factors that play essential roles in the transcriptional regulation of drug-metabolizing enzymes (DMEs). Xenobiotic receptors mediate the functional crosstalk between sepsis and drug metabolism because the inflammatory cytokines released during sepsis can affect the expression and activity of xenobiotic receptors and thus impact the expression and activity of DMEs. Xenobiotic receptors in turn may affect the clinical outcomes of sepsis. This review focuses on the sepsis-induced inflammatory response and xenobiotic receptors such as pregnane X receptor (PXR), aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), glucocorticoid receptor (GR), and constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), DMEs such as CYP1A, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, and CYP3A4, and drug transporters such as p-glycoprotein (P-gp), and multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRPs) that are affected by sepsis. Understanding the xenobiotic receptor-mediated effect of sepsis on drug metabolism will help to improve the safe use of drugs in sepsis patients and the development of new xenobiotic receptor-based therapeutic strategies for sepsis.

中文翻译：

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异种生物受体介导败血症对药物代谢的影响。

败血症是一种感染引起的全身性炎症综合征。脓毒症的免疫应答的特征在于促炎和抗炎途径的激活。当发生败血症时，许多炎性细胞因子的表达和活性受到明显影响。异种生物受体是化学敏感的转录因子，在药物代谢酶（DME）的转录调控中起重要作用。由于败血症过程中释放的炎性细胞因子会影响异种受体的表达和活性，因此异种受体介导败血症和药物代谢之间的功能性相互作用。异种受体反过来可能会影响败血症的临床结果。这篇综述的重点是败血症诱导的炎症反应和异种生物受体，例如孕烷X受体（PXR），芳烃受体（AHR），糖皮质激素受体（GR）和组成型雄烷受体（CAR），DMEs（例如CYP1A，CYP2B6， CYP2C9和CYP3A4，以及受败血症影响的药物转运蛋白，例如p-糖蛋白（P-gp）和多药耐药相关蛋白（MRP）。了解败血症对异物受体的介导作用对药物代谢的影响将有助于改善败血症患者药物的安全使用，并为基于败血症的新的基于异物受体的治疗策略的发展提供帮助。以及受败血症影响的药物转运蛋白，例如p-糖蛋白（P-gp）和多药耐药相关蛋白（MRP）。了解败血症对异物受体的介导作用对药物代谢的影响将有助于改善败血症患者药物的安全使用，并为基于败血症的新的基于异物受体的治疗策略的发展提供帮助。以及受败血症影响的药物转运蛋白，例如p-糖蛋白（P-gp）和多药耐药相关蛋白（MRP）。了解败血症对异物受体的介导作用对药物代谢的影响，将有助于改善败血症患者药物的安全使用，并开发新的基于异物受体的败血症治疗策略。