Affect regulation models state that affect both motivates and reinforces alcohol use. We aimed to examine whether affect levels and rates of change differed across drinking versus nondrinking days in a manner consistent with affect regulation models. Four hundred four regularly drinking adults, aged 18-70 years, completed ecological momentary assessments over 3 weeks. Participants provided positive affect (PA; enthusiastic, excited, happy) and negative affect (NA; distressed, sad) reports during all prompts; alcohol consumption reports were also provided. Multilevel spline models revealed that on drinking days, PA was higher and NA was lower both before and after drinking compared to matched times on nondrinking days. PA and NA were also higher and lower, respectively, both before and after drinking, when heavy drinking days were compared to moderate drinking days. Examination of affect rates of change revealed that (a) accelerating increases in PA and accelerating decreases in NA preceded drinking initiation, (b) PA increases and NA decreases were seen up to 2 hr after drinking initiation, and (c) pre- and postdrinking PA increases were larger on heavy versus moderate drinking days, whereas only postdrinking NA decreases were larger on heavy drinking days. Results supported affect regulation models while adding nuance, showing accelerating changes in predrinking affect on drinking days and pre- and postdrinking differences in affect levels and rates of change across days of varying drinking intensity. Beyond theory, our results suggest that accelerating changes in affect may provide a clue to future commencement of heavy drinking, which may aid momentary intervention development. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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相对于每日饮用量的影响：使用多级样条建模分析生态瞬时评估数据。

情绪调节模型说明了既影响动机又加强酒精使用的状态。我们旨在检查饮酒天数与非饮酒天数之间的影响水平和变化率是否以与影响调节模型一致的方式发生差异。144名年龄在18-70岁之间的经常饮酒的成年人在3周内完成了生态瞬时评估。在所有提示中，参与者提供了正面的影响（PA；热情，激动，快乐）和负面的影响（NA；苦恼，悲伤）报告；还提供了饮酒报告。多级样条模型显示，与非饮酒日的匹配时间相比，在饮酒日，PA较高，而NA则较低。喝酒前后PA和NA分别较高和较低，比较重度饮酒与中等度饮酒。对影响变化率的检查显示，（a）饮酒开始前PA加速增加而NA加速下降，（b）饮酒开始后2小时PA升高而NA降低，（c）饮酒前后重度饮酒与中等饮酒日相比，PA的增加更大，而重度饮酒日饮酒后NA的减少更大。结果支持影响调节模型，同时增加了细微差别，显示了饮酒前饮酒对饮酒日的影响的加速变化，以及饮酒前后在不同饮酒强度下的影响程度和变化率的差异。除了理论以外，我们的研究结果表明，情绪变化的加速可能为将来开始大量饮酒提供线索，这可能有助于瞬时干预的发展。（PsycINFO数据库记录（c）2020 APA，保留所有权利）。