BACKGROUND Determining the effectiveness of community-based health promotion and disease prevention programs requires an appropriate data collection tool. This study aimed to develop a comprehensive health questionnaire for older adults, called the HABiT, and evaluate its reliability, content validity, and face validity in assessing individual health-related items (e.g., health status, healthcare utilization) and five specific scales: knowledge, current health behaviors (risk factors), health-related quality of life (HRQoL), perceived risk and understanding, and self-efficacy. METHODS Iterative survey development and evaluation of its psychometric properties in a convenience sample of 28 older adults (≥ 55 years old), half from a low-income population. Following item generation, the questionnaire was assessed for content validity (expert panel), face validity (participant feedback), internal consistency of each scale (Cronbach's alpha), and test-retest reliability for each item and scale (Pearson's r and phi correlations, as appropriate). RESULTS Questions were drawn from 15 sources, but primarily three surveys: Canadian Community Health Survey, Canadian Diabetes Risk Questionnaire (CANRISK), and a survey by the Canadian Hypertension Education Program. Expert consensus was attained for item inclusion and representation of the desired constructs. Participants completing the questionnaire deemed the questions to be clear and appropriate. Test-retest reliability for many individual items was moderate-to-high, with some exceptions for items that can reasonably change in a short period (e.g., perceived day-to-day stress). Of the five potential scales evaluated, two had acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha ≥ 0.60) and a subset of one scale also had acceptable internal consistency. Test-retest reliability was high (correlation ≥ 0.80) for all scales and sub-scales. CONCLUSIONS The HABiT is a reliable and suitable comprehensive tool with content and face validity that can be used to evaluate health promotion and chronic disease prevention programs in older adults, including low-income older adults. Some noted limitations are discussed. Data collected using this tool also provides a diabetes risk score, health literacy score, and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) for economic analysis.

中文翻译：

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健康意识和行为工具（HABiT）的开发：对加拿大老年人群的可靠性和适用性。

背景技术确定基于社区的健康促进和疾病预防计划的有效性需要适当的数据收集工具。这项研究旨在针对老年人制定一份综合健康调查表，称为HABiT，并在评估与健康相关的各个项目（例如健康状况，医疗保健利用率）和五个特定量表时评估其可靠性，内容有效性和面部有效性：知识，当前的健康行为（风险因素），与健康相关的生活质量（HRQoL），感知的风险和理解以及自我效能感。方法在一个方便样本中，对28名老年人（≥55岁）进行了迭代调查开发，并对其心理测量特性进行了评估，其中一半来自低收入人群。项目生成后，对问卷进行内容有效性评估（专家组），面孔效度（参与者反馈），每个量表的内部一致性（克伦巴赫α值）以及每个项目和量表的重测信度（适当时使用Pearson的r和phi相关性）。结果问题来自15个来源，但主要是三个调查：加拿大社区健康调查，加拿大糖尿病风险问卷（CANRISK）和加拿大高血压教育计划的调查。对于项目的包含和所需构建体的表示，已达成专家共识。填写问卷的参与者认为这些问题明确且适当。许多单个项目的重测可靠性为中等到较高，但某些可以在短期内合理变化的项目（例如，感知到的日常压力）例外。在评估的五个潜在量表中，两个具有可接受的内部一致性（Cronbach's alpha≥0.60），一个尺度的子集也具有可接受的内部一致性。所有量表和子量表的重测信度都很高（相关度≥0.80）。结论HABiT是一种可靠且合适的综合工具，其内容和面部有效性可用于评估老年人（包括低收入老年人）的健康促进和慢性疾病预防计划。讨论了一些值得注意的限制。使用此工具收集的数据还提供了糖尿病风险评分，健康素养评分和质量调整生命年（QALYs），以进行经济分析。结论HABiT是一种可靠且合适的综合工具，其内容和面部有效性可用于评估老年人（包括低收入老年人）的健康促进和慢性疾病预防计划。讨论了一些值得注意的限制。使用此工具收集的数据还提供了糖尿病风险评分，健康素养评分和质量调整生命年（QALYs），以进行经济分析。结论HABiT是一种可靠且合适的综合工具，其内容和面部有效性可用于评估老年人（包括低收入老年人）的健康促进和慢性疾病预防计划。讨论了一些值得注意的限制。使用此工具收集的数据还提供了糖尿病风险评分，健康素养评分和质量调整生命年（QALYs），以进行经济分析。