BACKGROUND Depression is a major mental disorder worldwide. The prevalence of depression among Korean adults was estimated to be 5.6% in 2006 and 6.7% in 2011, and that increased to 10.3% in 2013. Using national data, the present study investigated the association between vegetable and fruit intake and the prevalence of depression among Korean adults. METHODS This analysis used data from 4349 subjects aged 19 years and older who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES, 2014). Depression was assessed using the self-reported Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9. Food and nutrient intake was assessed using the 24-h recall method. Individual food intake was categorized into 18 food groups. The statistical analyses in this study were performed by adopting stratification, clustering, and sample weight variables using SPSS Ver. 23.0. Cronbach's α was used to determine the internal consistency of the PHQ-9 items. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the odds ratios of depression adjusted for several confounders. RESULTS The depression rate of all subjects was between 8.7 and 4.7% and decreased as vegetable and fruit intake increased. With regard to sex, the depression rate decreased from 6.4 to 2.5% in males and from 11.4 to 6.6% in females as vegetable and fruit intake increased. Thus, the results of this study reveal an inverse association between vegetable and fruit intake and depression. The odds ratios show that vegetable and fruit intake was inversely associated with depression with no adjustment. When the data were adjusted for age, energy intake, obesity, smoking, drinking, stress, eating-out frequency, breakfast, and food security, subjects exhibited significantly lower rates of depression with higher vegetable and fruit intakes. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to investigate the association between vegetable and fruit consumption and depression in a Korean population. Additional epidemiological studies are needed to find the underlying reasons for that association.

中文翻译：

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2014年韩国国民健康与营养检查调查的数据显示，水果和蔬菜摄入不足与韩国成年人的抑郁症有关。

背景技术抑郁是世界范围内的主要精神障碍。据估计，韩国成年人中抑郁症的患病率分别在2006年和2011年分别为5.6％和2011年的6.7％，在2013年增至10.3％。本研究使用国家数据调查了蔬菜和水果摄入量与抑郁症患病率之间的关系。在韩国成年人中 方法该分析使用了来自4349名年龄在19岁及以上的受试者的数据，这些受试者参加了韩国国家健康与营养检查调查（KNHANES，2014年）。使用自我报告的患者健康问卷（PHQ）-9对抑郁进行评估。使用24小时召回方法评估食物和营养摄入量。个别食物摄入量分为18个食物类别。本研究中的统计分析是通过分层，聚类，并使用SPSS Ver。23.0。Cronbach'sα用于确定PHQ-9项目的内部一致性。使用逻辑回归分析来估计针对多个混杂因素调整的抑郁症的优势比。结果所有受试者的抑郁率在8.7％至4.7％之间，并且随着蔬菜和水果摄入量的增加而降低。在性别方面，随着蔬菜和水果摄入量的增加，男性抑郁症的患病率从男性的6.4％下降到2.5％，女性的抑郁率从11.4％下降到6.6％。因此，这项研究的结果揭示了蔬菜和水果摄入与抑郁之间的负相关关系。比值比表明，蔬菜和水果的摄入量与抑郁呈反比关系，没有进行任何调整。根据年龄，能量摄入，肥胖，吸烟，饮酒，压力，外出就餐频率对数据进行调整后，早餐和食品安全性方面，受试者的抑郁症发生率明显降低，蔬菜和水果的摄入量较高。结论这是第一个研究韩国人蔬菜和水果消费与抑郁症之间关系的研究。需要进行其他流行病学研究，以找出造成这种关联的根本原因。