Over the past two decades, accumulating evidence has indicated that individuals experience challenge and hindrance stressors in qualitatively different ways, with the former being linked to more positive outcomes than the latter. Indeed, challenge stressors are believed to have net positive effects even though they can also lead to a range of strains, eliciting beliefs that managers can enhance performance outcomes by increasing the frequency of challenge stressors experienced in the workplace. The current article questions this conventional wisdom by developing theory that explains how different patterns of challenge stressor exposure influence employee outcomes. Across 2 field studies, our results supported our theory, indicating that when challenge stressors vary across time periods, they have negative indirect effects on employee performance and well-being outcomes. In contrast, when employees experience a stable pattern of challenge stressors across time periods, they have positive indirect effects on employee performance and well-being outcomes. These results, which suggest that the benefits of challenge stressors may not outweigh their costs when challenge stressors fluctuate, have important implications for theory and practice. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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当挑战阻碍时：调查挑战压力源何时以及如何影响员工成果。

在过去的二十年里，越来越多的证据表明，个体以不同的方式经历挑战和阻碍压力源，前者比后者与更积极的结果有关。事实上，尽管挑战压力源也会导致一系列压力，但人​​们认为挑战压力源会产生净积极影响，从而引发人们相信管理者可以通过增加工作场所经历的挑战压力源的频率来提高绩效结果。当前文章通过发展理论来质疑这种传统智慧，该理论解释了不同的挑战压力源暴露模式如何影响员工成果。在 2 项实地研究中，我们的结果支持了我们的理论，表明当挑战压力源在不同时间段内发生变化时，它们对员工绩效和幸福感产生负面的间接影响。相比之下，当员工在不同时期经历稳定的挑战压力源时，他们会对员工绩效和幸福感产生积极的间接影响。这些结果表明，当挑战压力源波动时，挑战压力源的好处可能不会超过其成本，对理论和实践具有重要意义。（PsycINFO 数据库记录 (c) 2020 APA，保留所有权利）。这表明，当挑战压力源波动时，挑战压力源的好处可能不会超过其成本，这对理论和实践具有重要意义。（PsycINFO 数据库记录 (c) 2020 APA，保留所有权利）。这表明，当挑战压力源波动时，挑战压力源的好处可能不会超过其成本，对理论和实践具有重要意义。（PsycINFO 数据库记录 (c) 2020 APA，保留所有权利）。