New insights into the biomechanical properties of cells are revealing the importance of these properties and how they relate to underlying molecular, architectural, and behavioral changes associated with cell state and disease processes. However, the current understanding of how these in vitro biomechanical properties are associated with in vivo processes has been developed based on the traditional monolayer (two-dimensional [2D]) cell culture, which traditionally has not translated well to the three-dimensional (3D) cell culture and in vivo function. Many gold standard methods and tools used to observe the biomechanical properties of 2D cell cultures cannot be used with 3D cell cultures. Fluorescent molecules can respond to external factors almost instantaneously and require relatively low-cost instrumentation. In this review, we provide the background on fluorescent molecular rotors, which are attractive tools due to the relationship of their emission quantum yield with environmental microviscosity. We make the case for their use in both 2D and 3D cell cultures and speculate on their fundamental and practical applications in cell biology.

中文翻译：

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比例纳米粘度计：用于测量3D培养物中细胞物理特性的应用程序。

对细胞生物力学特性的新见解揭示了这些特性的重要性以及它们如何与与细胞状态和疾病过程相关的潜在分子，结构和行为变化相关。但是，基于传统的单层（二维[2D]）细胞培养物，目前对这些体外生物力学特性与体内过程如何相关的当前理解已发展为传统方法，而传统的单层（二维）细胞培养法并不能很好地转化为三维（3D）细胞。 ）细胞培养和体内功能。用于观察2D细胞培养物生物力学特性的许多金标准方法和工具无法与3D细胞培养物一起使用。荧光分子几乎可以立即对外部因素做出响应，并且需要相对低成本的仪器。在这篇评论中 我们提供了荧光分子转子的背景，这些分子转子由于其发射量子产率与环境微粘度之间的关系而成为有吸引力的工具。我们为它们在2D和3D细胞培养中的使用提供了依据，并推测了它们在细胞生物学中的基础和实际应用。