The cell wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an extracellular organelle crucial for preserving its cellular integrity and detecting environmental cues. The cell wall is composed of mannoproteins attached to a polysaccharide network and is continuously remodelled as cells undergo cell division, mating, gametogenesis or adapt to stressors. This makes yeast an excellent model to study the regulation of genes important for cell wall formation and maintenance. Given that certain yeast strains are pathogenic, a better understanding of their life cycle is of clinical relevance. This is why transcriptional regulatory mechanisms governing genes involved in cell wall biogenesis or maintenance have been the focus of numerous studies. However, little is known about the roles of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), a class of transcripts that are thought to possess little or no protein coding potential, in controlling the expression of cell wall-related genes. This review outlines currently known mechanisms of lncRNA-mediated regulation of gene expression in S. cerevisiae and describes examples of lncRNA-regulated genes encoding cell wall proteins. We suggest that the association of currently annotated lncRNAs with the coding sequences and/or promoters of cell wall-related genes highlights a potential role for lncRNAs as important regulators of the yeast cell wall structure.

中文翻译：

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非编码RNA作为酿酒酵母中的细胞壁调节剂。

酿酒酵母的细胞壁是细胞外细胞器，对于保持其细胞完整性和检测环境线索至关重要。细胞壁由连接到多糖网络的甘露糖蛋白组成，并随着细胞经历细胞分裂，交配，配子发生或适应应激而不断重塑。这使酵母菌成为研究对细胞壁形成和维持至关重要的基因调控的优秀模型。考虑到某些酵母菌株具有致病性，因此对其生命周期的更好了解具有临床意义。这就是为什么调控参与细胞壁生物发生或维持的基因的转录调控机制一直是众多研究的重点。但是，人们对于长非编码RNA（lncRNA）的作用知之甚少，在控制细胞壁相关基因表达中被认为几乎没有蛋白质编码潜力的一类转录物。该综述概述了酿酒酵母中lncRNA介导的基因表达调节的当前已知机制，并描述了编码细胞壁蛋白的lncRNA调节基因的实例。我们建议当前注释的lncRNA与细胞壁相关基因的编码序列和/或启动子的关联突出显示lncRNA作为酵母细胞壁结构的重要调节剂的潜在作用。