Ecological immunology involves the study of the immune function of wildlife, which is seldom compared with that of model animals. Here, we evaluated and compared the level of the innate immune response in the plateau zokor (Eospalax baileyi), an indigenous underground rodent from the Tibetan Plateau, with that in the bamboo rat (Rhizomys pruinosus) and Sprague‐Dawley (SD) rat (Rattus norvegicus). The spleen was observed by ordinary light and transmission electron microscopy, and the spleen index was calculated. After liposaccharide (LPS) challenge, the expression of Toll‐like receptor 2 (TLR2), TLR4, and hypoxia‐inducible factor 1α (HIF‐1α) in the spleen was detected by Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence. The expression of nuclear factor‐κB1 (NF‐κB1) and mitogen‐activated protein kinase 14 (MAPK14) in the spleen was detected by real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and the levels of interleukin 6 (IL‐6), tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), and interferon‐β (IFN‐β) in the spleen were detected by enzyme‐linked immunoassay. The spleen index of the plateau zokor was lower than that of the bamboo rat and SD rat. The expression of TLR4, NF‐κB1, and MAPK14 and the levels of IL‐6 and TNF‐α in the spleen of the plateau zokor were lower than those of the bamboo rat and SD rat, while the expression of TLR2 and HIF‐1α and the level of IFN‐β were higher than those of the bamboo rat and SD rat. We speculate that suppression of the TLR4 signaling pathway in the plateau zokor is an adaptation to hypoxic tunnels that decreases antigenic risk and maintains immune homeostasis. Moreover, the spleen of the plateau zokor is reduced in size, reducing the innate immunity investment in the spleen. We also noted that high levels of HIF‐1α in the spleen of the plateau zokor suppressed crosstalk between HIF‐1α and TLR4, promoting the innate immune response.

中文翻译：

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与竹鼠（Rhizomys pruinosus）和鼠（Rattus norvegicus）相比，高原z鼠（Eospalax baileyi）的LPS介导的TLR4信号传导受到抑制。

生态免疫学涉及野生动物免疫功能的研究，很少与模型动物相比。在这里，我们评估并比较了青藏高原本地一只地下啮齿动物高原z鼠（Eospalax baileyi）与竹鼠（Rhizomys pruinosus）和Sprague-Dawley（SD）鼠的先天免疫反应水平。褐家鼠）。通过普通光和透射电子显微镜观察脾脏，并计算脾脏指数。脂多糖（LPS）攻击后，通过蛋白质印迹分析和免疫荧光检测了脾脏中Toll样受体2（TLR2），TLR4和缺氧诱导因子1α（HIF-1α）的表达。实时定量聚合酶链反应检测脾脏中核因子κB1（NF‐κB1）和有丝分裂原活化蛋白激酶14（MAPK14）的表达，并检测白细胞介素6（IL-6），肿瘤坏死的水平酶联免疫法检测脾脏中的α-因子（TNF-α）和干扰素-β（IFN-β）。高原z鼠的脾脏指数低于竹鼠和SD鼠。TLR4，NF-κB1，高原鼠的脾脏中MAPK14，MAPK14和IL-6，TNF-α的水平低于竹鼠和SD大鼠，而TLR2和HIF-1α的表达以及IFN-β的水平较高比竹鼠和SD鼠要高。我们推测高原z鼠中TLR4信号通路的抑制是对低氧通道的一种适应，它降低了抗原性风险并维持了免疫稳态。此外，高原z鼠的脾脏尺寸减小，减少了先天免疫对脾脏的投资。我们还注意到，高原z鼠脾脏中高水平的HIF-1α抑制了HIF-1α与TLR4之间的串扰，从而促进了先天免疫反应。TLR2和HIF-1α的表达以及IFN-β的水平均高于竹鼠和SD大鼠。我们推测高原z鼠中TLR4信号通路的抑制是对低氧通道的一种适应，它降低了抗原性风险并维持了免疫稳态。此外，高原z鼠的脾脏尺寸减小，减少了先天免疫对脾脏的投资。我们还注意到，高原z鼠脾脏中高水平的HIF-1α抑制了HIF-1α与TLR4之间的串扰，从而促进了先天免疫反应。TLR2和HIF-1α的表达以及IFN-β的水平均高于竹鼠和SD大鼠。我们推测高原z鼠中TLR4信号通路的抑制是对低氧通道的一种适应，它降低了抗原性风险并维持了免疫稳态。此外，高原z鼠的脾脏尺寸减小，减少了先天免疫对脾脏的投资。我们还注意到，高原z鼠脾脏中高水平的HIF-1α抑制了HIF-1α与TLR4之间的串扰，从而促进了先天免疫反应。减少先天免疫对脾脏的投资。我们还注意到，高原z鼠脾脏中高水平的HIF-1α抑制了HIF-1α与TLR4之间的串扰，从而促进了先天免疫反应。减少先天免疫对脾脏的投资。我们还注意到，高原z鼠脾脏中高水平的HIF-1α抑制了HIF-1α与TLR4之间的串扰，从而促进了先天免疫反应。