We previously demonstrated that chimpanzees, like humans, showed better accuracy and faster response time in discriminating visual patterns when the patterns were presented in redundant and uninformative contexts than when they were presented alone. In the present study, we examined the effect of redundant context on pattern discrimination in pigeons (Columba livia) and large-billed crows (Corvus macrorhynchos) using the same task and stimuli as those used in our previous study on chimpanzees. Birds were trained to search for an odd target among homogenous distractors. Each stimulus was presented in one of three ways: (1) alone, (2) with identical context that resulted in emergent configuration to chimpanzees (congruent context), or (3) with identical context that did not result in emergent configuration to chimpanzees (incongruent context). In contrast to the facilitative effect of congruent contexts we previously reported in chimpanzees, the same contexts disrupted target localization performance in both pigeons and crows. These results imply that birds, unlike chimpanzees, do not perceive emergent configurations.

中文翻译：

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整体等于其各个部分的总和：鸽子（Columba livia）和乌鸦（Corvus macrorhynchos）没有察觉到紧急状态。

我们先前证明，与人类一样，黑猩猩在区分视觉模式时在冗余和无信息的环境中显示出比单独显示时更好的准确性和更快的响应时间。在本研究中，我们使用与我们先前关于黑猩猩的研究相同的任务和刺激，研究了冗余情境对鸽子（Columba livia）和大嘴乌鸦（Corvus macrorhynchos）的模式识别的影响。训练了鸟类以搜寻同质干扰物中的奇异目标。每种刺激都以以下三种方式之一呈现：（1）单独，（2）具有导致黑猩猩突现配置的相同上下文（一致的上下文），或者（3）具有导致黑猩猩突现配置的相同上下文的（不一致的上下文）。与我们先前在黑猩猩中报道的一致情境的促进作用相反，相同的情境破坏了鸽子和乌鸦的目标定位性能。这些结果表明，与黑猩猩不同，鸟类不会感知到紧急情况。