Foxp3-expressing CD4+ regulatory T (Treg) cells play key roles in the prevention of autoimmunity and the maintenance of immune homeostasis and represent a major barrier to the induction of robust antitumor immune responses. Thus, a clear understanding of the mechanisms coordinating Treg cell differentiation is crucial for understanding numerous facets of health and disease and for developing approaches to modulate Treg cells for clinical benefit. Here, we discuss current knowledge of the signals that coordinate Treg cell development, the antigen-presenting cell types that direct Treg cell selection, and the nature of endogenous Treg cell ligands, focusing on evidence from studies in mice. We also highlight recent advances in this area and identify key unanswered questions.

中文翻译：

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调节性 T 细胞发育。

表达 Foxp3 的 CD4+ 调节性 T (Treg) 细胞在预防自身免疫和维持免疫稳态方面发挥关键作用，是诱导强大的抗肿瘤免疫反应的主要障碍。因此，清楚地了解协调 Treg 细胞分化的机制对于了解健康和疾病的众多方面以及开发调节 Treg 细胞以获得临床益处的方法至关重要。在这里，我们讨论协调 Treg 细胞发育的信号、指导 Treg 细胞选择的抗原呈递细胞类型以及内源性 Treg 细胞配体的性质的当前知识，重点是来自小鼠研究的证据。我们还强调了该领域的最新进展，并确定了未解决的关键问题。