Abstract Instrument and night flights are sources of mishaps: they produce stressful contexts to aircrews in which operability can be affected. This study aimed to analyse the effect of night and instrument flights in cortical arousal, autonomic modulation, muscle strength, and stress perception. 23 people were analysed (8 helicopter pilots, 4 helicopter mechanics – Spanish Air Forces – and 11 controls) before and after instrument and night flight exposition. Lactate and perceived exertion rose after flights. Anxiety was higher in instrument than in night flights. Pilots had a higher sense of anxiety before a flight compared to mechanics, although mechanics experienced a higher raise of heart rate during flight, with lower heart rate variability. Breath capacity was affected in pilots. Cortical arousal was more affected in unexperienced than in experienced aircrew during flights. These data suggest differences in their previous training. Practitioner summary: Night and instrument helicopter flights produced a different psychophysiological response of aircrew. These results could help to design specific training for aircrew that usually face instrument and night manoeuvres. Specific training based on high-intensity interval training integrated with reverse periodisation could improve their preparation. Abbreviations: BMI: body mass index; BOS: blood oxygen saturation; BT: body temperature; CA: cognitive anxiety; CFFT: critical flicker fusion threshold; ES: effect size; FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 second; FVC: forced vital capacity; HF: high frequency; HR: heart rate; HRV: heart rate variability; HIS: isometric handgrip strength; LF: low frequency; NVG: night vision googles; PEF: peak expiratory flow; pNN50: proportion of differences between R-R intervals higher than 50 ms; RMSSD: square root of the mean of the sum of the squared differences between adjacent normal R-R intervals; RPE: rated of perceived exertion; SA: somatic anxiety; SC: self confidence; STAI: state trait anxiety inventory

中文翻译：

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夜间和仪表直升机飞行中的心理生理反应

摘要 仪表飞行和夜间飞行是事故的根源：它们会给机组人员带来压力，从而影响可操作性。本研究旨在分析夜间飞行和仪表飞行对皮层唤醒、自主神经调节、肌肉力量和压力感知的影响。在仪表和夜间飞行博览会之前和之后，对 23 人（8 名直升机飞行员、4 名直升机机械师——西班牙空军——和 11 名控制人员）进行了分析。飞行后乳酸和感知的劳累上升。与夜间飞行相比，仪表飞行的焦虑程度更高。与机械师相比，飞行员在飞行前有更高的焦虑感，尽管机械师在飞行过程中经历了更高的心率升高，心率变异性更低。飞行员的呼吸能力受到影响。在飞行过程中，与经验丰富的机组人员相比，没有经验的机组人员的皮质唤醒受到的影响更大。这些数据表明他们之前的训练有所不同。从业者总结：夜间和仪表直升机飞行对机组人员产生了不同的心理生理反应。这些结果有助于为通常面临仪表和夜间操作的机组人员设计特定的培训。基于高强度间歇训练与反向周期化相结合的特定训练可以改善他们的准备。缩写：BMI：体重指数；BOS：血氧饱和度；BT：体温；CA：认知焦虑；CFFT：临界闪烁融合阈值；ES：效果大小；FEV1：1秒用力呼气量；FVC：用力肺活量；HF：高频；HR：心率；HRV：心率变异性；他的：等距握力；LF：低频；NVG：夜视谷歌；PEF：峰值呼气流量；pNN50：RR 间期高于 50 ms 的差异比例；RMSSD：相邻正常RR间期的平方差之和的均值的平方根；RPE：感知用力等级；SA：躯体焦虑症；SC：自信；STAI：状态特质焦虑量表