Depressive symptoms are often elevated in acute and chronic HIV. Previous neuroimaging research identifies abnormalities in emotion-related brain regions in depression without HIV, including the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and amygdala. However, no studies have examined the neural signatures of depressive symptoms in acute HIV infection (AHI). Seed-based voxelwise resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) for affective seed regions of interest (pregenual ACC, subgenual ACC [sgACC], bilateral amygdala) was computed for 74 Thai males with AHI and 30 Thai HIV-uninfected controls. Group analyses compared rsFC of ACC and amygdala seed regions between AHI and uninfected control groups. Within the AHI group, voxelwise regression analyses investigated the relationship between depressive symptoms and rsFC for these affective seed regions. Group analyses revealed alterations in rsFC of the amygdala in AHI versus uninfected controls. Depressive symptoms associated with decreased rsFC between ACC regions and posterior cingulate/precuneus, medial temporal, and lateral parietal regions in AHI. Symptoms of depression also correlated to increased rsFC between ACC regions and lateral prefrontal cortex, sgACC, and cerebellum in AHI. Similar to the ACC, depressive symptoms associated with decreased rsFC between amygdala and precuneus. Of blood biomarkers, only HIV RNA inversely correlated with rsFC between posterior sgACC and left uncus. We found that depressive symptoms in AHI associate with altered rsFC of ACC and amygdala regions previously implicated in depression. Longitudinal research in this cohort will be necessary to determine whether these early alterations in rsFC of affective network regions are related to persistent depressive symptoms after combination antiretroviral therapy.

中文翻译：

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急性艾滋病毒抑郁症状的静息态神经特征。


急性和慢性艾滋病毒的抑郁症状通常会加重。先前的神经影像学研究发现，在没有感染艾滋病毒的抑郁症患者中，情绪相关的大脑区域存在异常，包括前扣带皮层（ACC）和杏仁核。然而，还没有研究检查急性艾滋病毒感染（AHI）中抑郁症状的神经特征。针对 74 名患有 AHI 的泰国男性和 30 名未感染 HIV 的泰国对照者，计算了情感种子感兴趣区域（膝前 ACC、膝下 ACC [sgACC]、双侧杏仁核）的基于种子的体素静息态功能连接 (rsFC)。组分析比较了 AHI 组和未感染对照组之间 ACC 和杏仁核种子区域的 rsFC。在 AHI 组中，体素回归分析研究了这些情感种子区域的抑郁症状和 rsFC 之间的关系。组分析显示，与未感染对照相比，AHI 中杏仁核 rsFC 发生了变化。 AHI 中，抑郁症状与 ACC 区域和后扣带回/楔前叶、内侧颞叶和外侧顶叶区域之间的 rsFC 减少相关。抑郁症状还与 AHI 中 ACC 区域和外侧前额皮质、sgACC 和小脑之间的 rsFC 增加相关。与 ACC 类似，抑郁症状与杏仁核和楔前叶之间的 rsFC 减少相关。在血液生物标志物中，只有 HIV RNA 与后 sgACC 和左钩回之间的 rsFC 呈负相关。我们发现 AHI 中的抑郁症状与先前与抑郁症有关的 ACC 和杏仁核区域的 rsFC 改变有关。 有必要对该队列进行纵向研究，以确定情感网络区域 rsFC 的这些早期变化是否与联合抗逆转录病毒治疗后持续的抑郁症状有关。