The paper presents the results of the model experiment on spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grown in polluted soil. The influence of separate and combined application of wood biochar and heavy metal-tolerant bacteria on morpho-physiological, anatomical and ultrastructural parameters of H. vulgare L. has been studied. The joint application of biochar and bacteria increased the shoot length by 2.1-fold, root length by 1.7-fold, leaf length by 2.3-fold and dry weight by threefold compared to polluted variant, bringing the plant parameters to the control level. The maximal quantum yield of photosystem II decreased by 8.3% in H. vulgare L. grown in contaminated soil, whereas this decrease was less in biochar (7%), bacteria (6%) and in combined application of bacteria and biochar (5%). As for the transpiration rate, the H. vulgare L. grown in polluted soil has shown a decrease in transpiration rate by 26%. At the same time, the simultaneous application of biochar and bacteria has led to a significant improvement in the transpiration rate (14%). The H. vulgare L. also showed anatomical (integrity of epidermal, vascular bundles, parenchymal and chlorenchymal cells) and ultrastructural (chloroplasts, thylakoid system, plastoglobules, starch grains, mitochondria, peroxisomes, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, vacuoles) changes, revealed by light-optical and transmission electron microscopy of leaf sections. The effects were most prominent in H. vulgare L., grown in polluted soil but gradually improved with application of biochar, bacteria and their combination. The use of biochar in combination with metal-tolerant bacteria is an efficient tool for remediation of soils, contaminated with heavy metals. The positive changes caused by the treatment can be consistently traced at all levels of plant organization.

中文翻译：

---

在污染土壤中施用生物炭和耐金属细菌对大麦形态生理参数的影响。

本文介绍了在污染土壤中生长的春季大麦（Hordeum vulgare L.）的模型实验结果。研究了木质生物炭和耐重金属细菌的单独和联合应用对普通柳的形态生理，解剖和超微结构参数的影响。与受污染的变种相比，生物炭和细菌的联合施用使苗长增加了2.1倍，根长增加了1.7倍，叶长增加了2.3倍，干重增加了三倍，使植物参数达到了控制水平。在受污染的土壤中生长的H. vulgare L.，光系统II的最大量子产率下降了8.3％，而生物炭（7％），细菌（6％）以及细菌和生物炭的联合施用（5％）则下降幅度较小）。至于蒸腾速率，则是普通小麦。在污染土壤中生长的植物蒸腾速率下降了26％。同时，生物炭和细菌的同时施用导致蒸腾速率显着提高（14％）。大头菜还显示出解剖结构（表皮，血管束，实质和氯间充质细胞完整）和超微结构（叶绿体，类囊体系统，质球，淀粉颗粒，线粒体，过氧化物酶体，核糖体，内质网，液泡）叶切片的光学和透射电子显微镜。其效果在污染土壤中生长的普通棉中最为明显，但随着生物炭，细菌及其组合的应用逐渐改善。将生物炭与耐金属细菌结合使用是一种有效的土壤修复工具，被重金属污染。由处理引起的积极变化可以在工厂组织的各个层面上得到一致的追溯。