Many enzymes appear to diffuse faster in the presence of substrate and to drift either up or down a concentration gradient of their substrate. Observations of these phenomena, termed enhanced enzyme diffusion (EED) and enzyme chemotaxis, respectively, lead to a novel view of enzymes as active matter. Enzyme chemotaxis and EED may be important in biology and could have practical applications in biotechnology and nanotechnology. They are also of considerable biophysical interest; indeed, their physical mechanisms are still quite uncertain. This review provides an analytic summary of experimental studies of these phenomena and of the mechanisms that have been proposed to explain them and offers a perspective on future directions for the field.

中文翻译：

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增强酶的扩散和趋化性。

在底物存在下，许多酶似乎扩散得更快，并在其底物浓度梯度上向上或向下漂移。对这些现象的观察分别称为增强的酶扩散（EED）和酶趋化性，导致人们对酶作为活性物质有了新的认识。酶趋化性和EED在生物学中可能很重要，并且可能在生物技术和纳米技术中有实际应用。它们也具有相当大的生物物理意义。确实，它们的物理机制还很不确定。这篇综述提供了对这些现象以及为解释这些现象而提出的机理的实验研究的分析性总结，并为该领域的未来发展方向提供了一个视角。