Forward genetics is a powerful approach to understand the molecular basis of animal behaviors. Fruit flies were the first animal to which this genetic approach was applied systematically and have provided major discoveries on behaviors including sexual, learning, circadian, and sleep-like behaviors. The development of different classes of model organism such as nematodes, zebrafish, and mice has enabled genetic research to be conducted using more-suitable organisms. The unprecedented success of forward genetic approaches was the identification of the transcription-translation negative feedback loop composed of clock genes as a fundamental and conserved mechanism of circadian rhythm. This approach has now expanded to sleep/wakefulness in mice. A conventional strategy such as dominant and recessive screenings can be modified with advances in DNA sequencing and genome editing technologies.

中文翻译：

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使用动物模型的行为神经科学的正向遗传方法。

正向遗传学是了解动物行为分子基础的有力方法。果蝇是第一种被系统应用这种遗传方法的动物，并在包括性行为，学习行为，昼夜节律和睡眠行为在内的行为方面提供了重要发现。线虫，斑马鱼和小鼠等不同类型的模型生物的发展使得能够使用更适合的生物进行遗传研究。正向遗传学方法的空前成功是鉴定由时钟基因组成的转录-翻译负反馈环，这是昼夜节律的基本且保守的机制。这种方法现在已经扩展到小鼠的睡眠/清醒。