Plants flower under appropriate day-length conditions by integrating temporal information provided by the circadian clock with light and dark information from the environment. A sub-group of plant specific circadian clock-associated PSEUDO-RESPONSE REGULATOR (PRR) genes (PRR7/PRR3 sub-group) controls flowering time both in long-day and short-day plants; however, flowering control by the other two PRR gene sub-groups has been reported only in Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis), a model long-day plant. Here, we show that an Arabidopsis PRR9/PRR5 sub-group gene can control flowering time (heading date) in rice, a short-day plant. Although PRR5 promotes flowering in Arabidopsis, transgenic rice overexpressing Arabidopsis PRR5 caused late flowering. Such transgenic rice plants produced significantly higher biomass, but not grain yield, due to the late flowering. Concomitantly, expression of Hd3a, a rice florigen gene, was reduced in the transgenic rice.Abbreviations: CCT: CONSTANS, CONSTANS-LIKE, and TOC1; HD: HEADING DATE; LHY: LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL; Ppd: photoperiod; PR: pseudo-receiver; PRR: PSEUDO-RESPONSE REGULATOR; TOC1: TIMING OF CAB EXPRESSION 1; ZTL: ZEITLUPE.

中文翻译：

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通过引入拟南芥时钟相关的PSEUDO-RESPONSE REGULATOR 5来控制水稻的开花时间。

通过将生物钟提供的时间信息与环境中的明暗信息相结合，植物可以在适当的日长条件下开花。植物特有的昼夜节律相关的PSEUDO-RESPONSE REGULATOR（PRR）基因子组（PRR7 / PRR3子组）控制长日和短日植物的开花时间。然而，只有两个模型PDR基因亚组的​​开花控制仅在拟南芥拟南芥（Arabidopsis）中得以报道。在这里，我们显示了拟南芥PRR9 / PRR5子基因可以控制短日照水稻的开花时间（抽穗期）。尽管PRR5促进了拟南芥的开花，但过表达拟南芥PRR5的转基因水稻却导致开花后期。这种转基因水稻植物产生的生物量明显较高，但谷物产量却没有，由于开花较晚。随之，转基因水稻中的水稻荧光原基因Hd3a的表达减少。缩写：CCT：CONSTANS，CONSTANS-LIKE和TOC1；高清：HEADING DATE；LHY：晚期加长的羟乙基；Ppd：光周期；PR：伪接收器；PRR：伪响应调节器；TOC1：CAB表达1的时间；ZTL：ZEITLUPE。