Nanoparticles form the fundamental building blocks for many exciting applications in various scientific disciplines due to its unique features such as large surface to mass ratio, targeting potential, ability to adsorbed and carry other compound which makes them suitable for biomedical applications. However, the problem of the large-scale synthesis of nanoparticles remains challenging due to physical instability associated with nanoparticles which lead to generation of aggregates particles with high polydispersity index (PDI) indicating low particle homogeneity and eventually loss of their special nanoscale properties. The stabilisation concept can be generated by repulsive electrostatic force, which nanoparticles experience, when they are surrounded by a double layer of electric charges. Selection of proper stabiliser will govern the stability of NPs and ultimately development of optimised drug delivery system. This review summarises mechanism of physical instability issues likely to be encountered during the development of nanoformulations. It also discusses potential stabilising agents used so far and their mechanism in achieving stable nanosystems.

中文翻译：

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稳定性问题和基于稳定纳米颗粒的药物递送系统的方法。

纳米粒子由于其独特的特性，例如大的表面积与质量比、靶向潜力、吸附和携带其他化合物的能力，构成了各种科学学科中许多令人兴奋的应用的基本构建块，这使得它们适用于生物医学应用。然而，纳米粒子的大规模合成问题仍然具有挑战性，因为与纳米粒子相关的物理不稳定性会导致产生具有高多分散指数 (PDI) 的聚集粒子，这表明粒子的均匀性低并最终失去其特殊的纳米级特性。当纳米颗粒被双层电荷包围时，可以通过排斥静电力产生稳定概念。选择合适的稳定剂将控制 NPs 的稳定性并最终开发优化的给药系统。本综述总结了纳米制剂开发过程中可能遇到的物理不稳定性问题的机制。它还讨论了迄今为止使用的潜在稳定剂及其实现稳定纳米系统的机制。