The widespread presence of entrapped dense non-aqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) in the subsurface poses a continuing challenge to groundwater remediation. Cost-effective and high-resolution subsurface characterization is a critical issue for further DNAPL recovery due to the complexity of DNAPL source zone architecture (SZA). Geophysical techniques provide a noninvasive, spatially continuous and cost-effective way for monitoring the DNAPL remediation process. In particular, the spectral induced polarization (SIP) method has shown great potential in environmental problems. In this study, we performed real-time SIP measurements on DNAPL contaminated soil in columns to quantitatively assess the ability of SIP method for monitoring surfactant-enhanced DNAPL remediation process. Chemical data was simultaneously collected during the remediation process to verify the results obtained by SIP method. Taking account into the variations of subsurface environment, we conducted a series of column flushing experiments under different flow rate, surfactant concentrations and fluid salinities. The results highlight that SIP method is able to effectively monitor the DNAPL remediation process, as well as to evaluate the remediation efficiency under different conditions. The variations in the flow rate, the concentration of surfactant and the salinity of pore water not only affect remediation effectiveness, but also have an impact on the SIP signatures. This study shows that SIP performs better for monitoring DNAPL remediation at a relatively low flow rate of ~ 0.4 m/d, low surfactant concentration of 5000 mg/L and high salinity of 1.0 S/m, with an error of saturation estimation (RMSE_S) <0.1.

地下广泛存在着浓密的非水相液体（DNAPL），这对地下水修复提出了持续的挑战。由于DNAPL源区架构（SZA）的复杂性，具有成本效益的高分辨率地下表征对于DNAPL的进一步回收至关重要。地球物理技术为监测DNAPL修复过程提供了一种无创，空间连续且经济高效的方法。特别是，光谱诱导极化（SIP）方法在环境问题上显示出巨大潜力。在这项研究中，我们对被DNAPL污染的土壤进行了实时SIP测量，以定量评估SIP方法监测表面活性剂增强的DNAPL修复过程的能力。在修复过程中同时收集化学数据，以验证通过SIP方法获得的结果。考虑到地下环境的变化，我们在不同的流速，表面活性剂浓度和流体盐度下进行了一系列的柱冲洗实验。结果表明，SIP方法能够有效监测DNAPL修复过程，并能够评估不同条件下的修复效率。流速，表面活性剂浓度和孔隙水盐度的变化不仅影响修复效果，还影响SIP签名。这项研究表明，SIP在相对低的〜0.4 m / d流速，5000 mg / L的低表面活性剂浓度和1。RMSE _S）<0.1。