In Hadamard transform ion mobility spectrometry (HT IMS), the signal-to-noise ratio is always lower for non-modified pseudorandom sequences than for modified sequences. Since the use of non-modified modulating pseudorandom sequences is strategically preferable from a duty cycle standpoint, we investigated the change in the interference signal when transitioning from non-modified modulating sequences to sequences modified by the addition of 1,3,5 and 7 zeros. The interfering signal in HT IMS with modified pseudorandom sequences was shown to be mainly random noise for all the cases except for modifying by incorporation of 1 zero. For standard samples of tetraalkylammonium halides, modulation by non-modified pseudorandom sequences is beneficial in the case of small numbers of averaged spectra (below ∼40 averaged spectra compared to any modified pseudorandom sequences except for 1 zero modified and below ∼200 averaged spectra compared to signal averaging ion mobility spectrometry) and worsens the signal-to-noise ratio in the case of large numbers of averaged spectra. Contrarily, modulation by modified pseudorandom sequences is beneficial for any number of averaged spectra, except for very small ones (below 15 averaged spectra compared to modulation by non-modified sequences). Pseudorandom sequence modified with 1 zero incorporation is beneficial in the case of below ∼400 averaged spectra compared to any modified and non-modified pseudorandom sequences. The signal-to-noise ratio in conventional signal averaging mode ion mobility spectrometry is affected by random noise, whereas the HT IMS with non-modified pseudorandom sequences was demonstrated to be primarily affected by a systematic noise-like artefact signal. Because noise-like artefact signals were found to be reproducible, predicting models for interference signals could be generated to improve signal-to-noise ratio. This is significant because non-modified modulating sequences are limited by their poor signal-to-noise ratio. This improvement would increase the viability of non-modified modulating sequences which are preferred because of their higher sample utilization efficiency.

中文翻译：

---

复用条件对哈达玛变换离子迁移谱解码数据中伪像信号和信噪比的影响

在 Hadamard 变换离子迁移谱 (HT IMS) 中，未修改的伪随机序列的信噪比始终低于修改的序列。由于从占空比的角度来看，使用未修改的调制伪随机序列在战略上更可取，我们研究了从未修改的调制序列转换到通过添加 1、3、5 和 7 个零修改的序列时干扰信号的变化. 除了通过掺入 1 个零进行修改外，在所有情况下，具有修改的伪随机序列的 HT IMS 中的干扰信号主要是随机噪声。对于四烷基卤化铵的标准样品，在平均光谱数较少的情况下，由未修改的伪随机序列调制是有益的（与任何修改的伪随机序列相比，平均光谱低于 40 个，除了 1 个零修改和低于 200 个平均光谱与信号平均离子迁移谱相比）和在大量平均光谱的情况下，会恶化信噪比。相反，修改伪随机序列的调制对任何数量的平均频谱都是有益的，除了非常小的频谱（与未修改序列的调制相比，平均频谱低于 15 个）。与任何修改和未修改的伪随机序列相比，用 1 个零掺入修改的伪随机序列在平均光谱低于 400 的情况下是有益的。传统信号平均模式离子迁移谱仪中的信噪比受随机噪声的影响，而具有未修改伪随机序列的 HT IMS 被证明主要受系统性噪声样人工信号的影响。由于发现类噪声伪影信号是可重现的，因此可以生成干扰信号的预测模型以提高信噪比。这很重要，因为未修改的调制序列受到其较差的信噪比的限制。这种改进将增加未修饰的调节序列的生存能力，因为它们具有更高的样品利用效率，因此是优选的。而具有未修改伪随机序列的 HT IMS 被证明主要受系统性类噪声伪影信号的影响。由于发现类噪声伪影信号是可再现的，因此可以生成干扰信号的预测模型以提高信噪比。这很重要，因为未修改的调制序列受到其较差的信噪比的限制。这种改进将增加未修饰的调节序列的生存能力，因为它们具有更高的样品利用效率，因此是优选的。而具有未修改伪随机序列的 HT IMS 被证明主要受系统性类噪声伪影信号的影响。由于发现类噪声伪影信号是可再现的，因此可以生成干扰信号的预测模型以提高信噪比。这很重要，因为未修改的调制序列受到其较差的信噪比的限制。这种改进将增加未修饰的调节序列的生存能力，因为它们具有更高的样品利用效率，因此是优选的。这很重要，因为未修改的调制序列受到其较差的信噪比的限制。这种改进将增加未修饰的调节序列的生存能力，因为它们具有更高的样品利用效率，因此是优选的。这很重要，因为未修改的调制序列受到其较差的信噪比的限制。这种改进将增加未修饰的调节序列的生存能力，因为它们具有更高的样品利用效率，因此是优选的。