The sycamore lace bug, Corythucha ciliata (Say) is an invasive pest infesting trees of the genus Platanus. Both adults and nymphs damage the foliage of sycamore trees. Nymphs cannot survive in low temperatures; however, the sycamore lace bug overwinters as adults. In this study, we analyzed the metabolite profiles of this pest to determine significantly regulated metabolites during paurometabolous development from nymphs to adults. The identification of metabolites is essential to convert analytical data into meaningful biological knowledge. A total of 62 metabolites were identified using GC-MS. Among them, 29 different metabolites showed differences in content among nymphs, adult females (AF), and adult males (AM). Five of the 29 metabolites, including caffeic acid, D-glucose, D-mannose, glycerol and aminooxyacetic acid, were significantly increased and nine of them were significantly decreased during the developmental stages from nymph to adult. In addition, we identified three novel aldo-keto reductase (AKR) genes that may play a significant role in the control of glycerol biosynthesis. Moreover, the characteristics and expression levels of these genes were analyzed. This study will provide us with the necessary information to improve our understanding of the changes in metabolites in C. ciliata during paurometabolous development.

中文翻译：

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纤毛虫（半翅目：T科）的代谢分解过程中的代谢组学分析和AKR表征。

美国梧桐花边虫Corythucha ciliata（Say）是一种侵害性虫害，侵害了Platanus属的树木。成虫和若虫都会破坏无花果树的叶子。若虫不能在低温下生存；然而，美国梧桐花边虫越冬越冬。在这项研究中，我们分析了该害虫的代谢产物概况，以确定从若虫到成虫的光代谢过程中受显着调节的代谢产物。代谢物的鉴定对于将分析数据转化为有意义的生物学知识至关重要。使用GC-MS鉴定出总共62种代谢物。其中，若虫，成年雌性（AF）和成年雄性（AM）之间有29种不同的代谢物含量不同。29种代谢物中的5种，包括咖啡酸，D-葡萄糖，D-甘露糖，甘油和氨氧基乙酸，从若虫到成虫的发育阶段显着增加，其中有9个显着减少。此外，我们确定了三个新的醛基酮还原酶（AKR）基因，它们在甘油生物合成的控制中可能起重要作用。此外，分析了这些基因的特征和表达水平。这项研究将为我们提供必要的信息，以增进我们对在代谢代谢过程中纤毛衣藻代谢产物变化的理解。