For more than a century, epilepsy has remained an incapacitating neurological disorder with a high incidence worldwide. Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is a common type of epilepsy without an effective pharmacological treatment. An increase in excitability and hypersynchrony of electrical neuronal activity during development are typically associated with an excitatory/inhibitory imbalance in the neuronal network. Astrocytes release gliotransmitters, which can regulate neuronal excitability and synaptic transmission; therefore, the classical neurocentric vision of the cellular basis of epileptogenesis has begun to change. Growing evidence suggests that the key contribution of astrocyte-to-neuron signaling in the mechanisms underlies the initiation, propagation, and recurrence of seizure activity. The aim of this review was to summarize current evidence obtained from experimental models that suggest how alterations in astroglial modulation of synaptic transmission and neuronal activity contribute to the development of this brain disease. In this article, we will summarize the main pharmacological, Ca2+-imaging, and electrophysiological findings in the gliotransmitter-mediated modulation of neuronal activity and their possible regulation as a novel cellular target for the development of pharmacological strategies for treating refractory epilepsies.

中文翻译：

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神经胶质传输：抗癫痫药物开发的新目标。

一个多世纪以来，癫痫病一直是一种失能的神经系统疾病，在世界范围内发病率很高。颞叶颞叶癫痫（TLE）是癫痫的一种常见类型，没有经过有效的药理学治疗。发育过程中电神经元活动的兴奋性和超同步性增加通常与神经元网络中的兴奋性/抑制性失衡有关。星形胶质细胞释放神经胶质递质，可以调节神经元的兴奋性和突触传递。因此，经典神经中心视力的癫痫发生的细胞基础已经开始改变。越来越多的证据表明，星形胶质细胞向神经元的信号转导在机制中的关键作用是癫痫发作活动的起始，传播和复发的基础。这篇综述的目的是总结从实验模型中获得的当前证据，这些证据表明突触传递和神经元活性的星形胶质调节的改变如何促进这种脑疾病的发展。在本文中，我们将总结神经胶质递质介导的神经元活性调节及其在新的细胞靶点上的主要药理作用，Ca2 +成像和电生理学发现，并将其作为治疗难治性癫痫的新药理学靶点。