On the Possible Ecological Roles of Antimicrobials.,Molecular Microbiology

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On the Possible Ecological Roles of Antimicrobials.
Molecular Microbiology ( IF 2.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-17 , DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14471
Gleb Pishchany ₁ , Roberto Kolter ₂

Affiliation

Introduction of antibiotics into clinical use in the middle of the 20th century has had a profound impact on modern medicine and human wellbeing. The contribution of these wonder molecules to public health and science is hard to overestimate. Much research has informed our understanding of antibiotic mechanisms of action and resistance at inhibitory concentrations in the lab and in the clinic. Antibiotics, however, are not a human invention as most of them are either natural products produced by soil microorganisms or semisynthetic derivatives of natural products. Because we use antibiotics to inhibit bacterial growth, it is generally assumed that growth inhibition is also their primary ecological function in the environment. Nevertheless, multiple studies point to diverse non-lethal effects that are exhibited at lower levels of antibiotics. Here we review accumulating evidence of antibiosis and of alternative functions of antibiotics exhibited at subinhibitory concentrations. We also speculate on how these effects might alter phenotypes, fitness, and community composition of microbes in the context of the environment and suggest directions for future research.

中文翻译：

关于抗菌素的可能生态作用。

在20世纪中叶，将抗生素引入临床已对现代医学和人类福祉产生了深远影响。这些神奇分子对公共卫生和科学的贡献很难被高估。大量研究使我们对实验室和临床中抑制浓度的抗生素作用和耐药机制有了更深入的了解。然而，抗生素不是人类发明，因为它们大多数是由土壤微生物产生的天然产物或天然产物的半合成衍生物。因为我们使用抗生素抑制细菌生长，所以通常认为生长抑制也是它们在环境中的主要生态功能。然而，多项研究指出，在较低水平的抗生素中表现出多种非致命作用。在这里，我们回顾了在亚抑制浓度下显示出的抗生作用和抗生素替代功能的累积证据。我们还推测这些影响如何在环境中改变微生物的表型，适应性和群落组成，并为今后的研究提供指导。

更新日期：2020-03-26

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