Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) accounts for 10–30% of all strokes and affects more than one million people every year worldwide, and it is the stroke subtype associated with the highest rates of mortality and residual disability. So far, clinical trials have mainly targeted primary cerebral injury and have substantially failed to improve clinical outcomes. The understanding of the pathophysiology of early and delayed injury after ICH is, hence, of paramount importance to identify potential targets of intervention and develop effective therapeutic strategies. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) represent a ubiquitous superfamily of structurally related zinc-dependent endopeptidases able to degrade any component of the extracellular matrix. They are upregulated after ICH, in which different cell types, including leukocytes, activated microglia, neurons, and endothelial cells, are involved in their synthesis and secretion. The aim of this review is to summarize the available experimental and clinical evidence about the role of MMPs in brain injury following spontaneous ICH and provide critical insights into the underlying mechanisms.

中文翻译：

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急性脑出血中的基质金属蛋白酶。


自发性脑出血 (ICH) 占所有中风的 10-30%，每年影响全球超过 100 万人，是死亡率和残余残疾率最高的中风亚型。迄今为止，临床试验主要针对原发性脑损伤，基本上未能改善临床结果。因此，了解脑出血后早期和迟发性损伤的病理生理学对于确定潜在的干预目标和制定有效的治疗策略至关重要。基质金属蛋白酶 (MMP) 是结构相关的锌依赖性内肽酶的普遍存在的超家族，能够降解细胞外基质的任何成分。它们在脑出血后上调，其中不同的细胞类型，包括白细胞、活化的小胶质细胞、神经元和内皮细胞，参与它们的合成和分泌。本综述的目的是总结有关 MMP 在自发性脑出血后脑损伤中的作用的现有实验和临床证据，并提供对其潜在机制的重要见解。