A new Deoxyribonucleic Acid (“DNA”) analysis tool has gained popularity among law enforcement agencies: familial DNA searching.1 Unlike typical DNA testing, familial DNA searching compares areas of hereditary sections of DNA — genetic markers that are passed down through family lines. As a result, familial DNA searching allows law enforcement agencies to take unknown DNA from crime scenes and find potential family members by looking for hereditary markers. Recently, familial DNA has been in the spotlight because investigators in California successfully used familial DNA searching to solve the Golden State Killer cold case.2 Familial DNA searching is a relatively new investigative tool, therefore state and federal courts have not ruled on its constitutionality. However, based upon the current Fourth Amendment precedents, the Supreme Court is likely to find that familial DNA searching is constitutional. DNA testing has significantly improved since its introduction in the mid1980s.3 Technology that was once only available in the most advanced laboratories is now readily available to the public.4 For example, companies like 23andMe and Ancestry.com market and sell DNA tests to the public at large; all a person has to do is buy a kit for $99, spit into a tube, and send their sample to a lab.5 After analyzing the DNA, the company generates a report telling the individual the ancestral origins of their

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DNA和第四修正案：被告是否会挑战家庭DNA搜索？

一种新的脱氧核糖核酸（“ DNA”）分析工具在执法机构中广受欢迎：家族DNA搜索。1与典型的DNA测试不同，家族DNA搜索比较了遗传性DNA片段的区域-遗传标记，这些标记是通过家族传承下来的。结果，家族DNA搜索使执法机构可以从犯罪现场获取未知DNA，并通过寻找遗传标记来寻找潜在的家庭成员。近年来，家族DNA备受关注，因为加利福尼亚的调查人员成功地使用了家族DNA搜索来解决“金州杀手”感冒案。2家族DNA搜索是一个相对较新的调查工具，因此，州和联邦法院并未裁定其合法性。但是，根据当前的第四修正案先例，最高法院可能会发现，对家族DNA进行搜查是符合宪法的。自从1980年代中期引入DNA检测以来，DNA检测有了显着改善。3以前仅在最先进的实验室中可用的技术现在已经向公众提供。4例如，诸如23andMe和Ancestry.com这样的公司向DNA销售并向其出售DNA检测。公众 一个人所要做的就是以99美元的价格购买一套试剂盒，将其吐入试管中，然后将其样品送至实验室。5在对DNA进行分析之后，该公司会生成一份报告，告知个人其祖先的起源 像23andMe和Ancestry.com这样的公司负责向公众公开销售DNA测试；一个人所要做的就是以99美元的价格购买一套试剂盒，将其吐入试管中，然后将其样品送至实验室。5在对DNA进行分析之后，该公司会生成一份报告，告知个人其祖先的起源 像23andMe和Ancestry.com这样的公司负责向公众公开销售DNA测试；一个人所要做的就是以99美元的价格购买一套试剂盒，将其吐入试管中，然后将其样品送至实验室。5在对DNA进行分析之后，该公司会生成一份报告，告知个人其祖先的起源