Transgender and gender nonconforming (TGNC) people experience disparities in mental health when compared with non-TGNC sexual minorities and the general population. One line of inquiry with respect to these disparities is the examination of stigma and its connection to emotional and psychological well-being. Recent conceptualizations of stigma draw attention to multiple levels-individual, interpersonal, and structural-that are thought to impact well-being for TGNC people. However, little is known about how multilevel stigma is experienced by TGNC older adults, who navigate stigmatizing environments over a lifetime and who may be especially vulnerable to its cumulative effects. We conducted an interpretive content analysis of biographical interviews with 88 TGNC adults aged 50 and older, from across the United States, obtained from the photography and interview project To Survive on This Shore. Our analyses suggest that TGNC older adults' mental health is indeed impacted by multiple levels of stigma. Individual level stigma is experienced as ongoing vigilance about aspects of oneself that break gender norms, often manifesting in internal conflicts. At the interpersonal level, TGNC older adults navigate unpredictable relationships marked by conflicting expressions of love, acceptance, strain, and exclusion. Structural stigma manifests in constraints brought about by transphobic policies and social norms but also sparks intentional action on the part of TGNC older adults to resist and change these social forces. Clinical interventions to combat stigmatization can use life narratives and a focus on consciousness-raising to promote empowerment and well-being for this group of older adults. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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跨性别和性别不合格的老年人的生活经历中存在多层次的污名。

与非TGNC性少数群体和普通人群相比，跨性别和性别不符合（TGNC）的人在心理健康方面存在差异。关于这些差异的一种查询方法是检查污名及其与情感和心理健康的关系。最近的污名化概念引起人们对个人，人际关系和结构性多个层次的关注，这些层次被认为会影响TGNC人民的福祉。但是，对于TGNC老年人如何经历多级污名知之甚少，他们一生都在污名化的环境中导航，并且特别容易受到其累积影响。我们对来自美国各地88位年龄在50岁及以上的TGNC成人的传记采访进行了解释性内容分析，从摄影和访谈项目《在岸边生存》中获得。我们的分析表明，TGNC老年人的心理健康确实受到多种耻辱感的影响。对个人层面的污名是对自己不断打破性别规范的方面保持警惕的经历，通常表现为内部冲突。在人际交往方面，TGNC老年人在以爱，接纳，紧张和排斥的矛盾表达为标志的不可预测的关系中导航。结构性的污名表现在仇视性政策和社会规范所带来的限制中，但也引发了TGNC老年人有意采取行动来抵抗和改变这些社会力量。打击侮辱的临床干预措施可以使用生活叙事，并着重于提高意识以促进这一年龄段老年人的权能和幸福感。（PsycINFO数据库记录（c）2020 APA，保留所有权利）。