A bioprinting technique for large‐scale, custom‐printed immobilization of microalgae is developed for potential applications within architecture and the built environment. Alginate‐based hydrogels with various rheology modifying polymers and varying water percentages are characterized to establish a window of operation suitable for layer‐by‐layer deposition on a large scale. Hydrogels formulated with methylcellulose and carrageenan, with water percentages ranging from 80% to 92.5%, demonstrate a dominant viscoelastic solid–like property with G′ > G″ and a low phase angle, making them the most suitable for extrusion‐based printing. A custom multimaterial pneumatic extrusion system is developed to be attached on the end effector of an industrial multiaxis robot arm, allowing precision‐based numerically controlled layered deposition of the viscous hydrogel. The relationship between the various printing parameters, namely air pressure, material viscosity, viscoelasticity, feed rate, printing distance, nozzle diameter, and the speed of printing, are characterized to achieve the desired resolution of the component. Printed prototypes are postcured in CaCl₂ via crosslinking. Biocompatibility tests show that cells can survive for 21 days after printing the constructs. To demonstrate the methodology for scale‐up, a 1000 × 500 mm fibrous hydrogel panel is additively deposited with 3 different hydrogels with varying water percentages.

中文翻译：

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用于大规模应用的含藻类水凝胶的机器人挤出。


开发了一种用于大规模、定制打印固定微藻的生物打印技术，用于建筑和建筑环境中的潜在应用。具有各种流变改性聚合物和不同水百分比的基于藻酸盐的水凝胶的特征在于建立适合大规模逐层沉积的操作窗口。由甲基纤维素和角叉菜胶配制而成的水凝胶，水含量范围为 80% 至 92.5%，表现出G' > G"的主要粘弹性固体特性和低相角，使其最适合基于挤出的印刷。开发了一种定制的多材料气动挤出系统，连接在工业多轴机器人手臂的末端执行器上，从而可以对粘性水凝胶进行基于精密数控的分层沉积。表征各种打印参数（即气压、材料粘度、粘弹性、进给速率、打印距离、喷嘴直径和打印速度）之间的关系，以实现组件所需的分辨率。打印的原型通过交联在 CaCl ₂中进行后固化。生物相容性测试表明，打印结构后细胞可以存活 21 天。为了演示放大的方法，在 1000 × 500 mm 的纤维水凝胶面板上添加了 3 种不同水百分比的水凝胶。