Abstract Megachile rotundata F. populations are managed to pollinate alfalfa, Medicago sativa L. (Fabaceae), for seed production in western North America. Some progeny produced in summer by overwintered M. rotundata females enter diapause as prepupae to overwinter and become adults the following year. Other offspring avert diapause to undergo adult emergence in summer.The regulatory mechanism(s) of diapause induction or aversion is unknown; the process apparently involves multiple and integrated factors.This 4-yr study sought to determine effects of the exposure of mother bees to short, long, very long, and natural photoperiods on their production of non-diapausing and diapausing progeny. Just-emerged adult bees from both Utah and Canada sources were exposed to different photoperiods for 3 d in incubators and then released into field enclosures placed over blooming alfalfa. Control bees were those exposed to only outdoor conditions. Reproduction was monitored for each female bee, and offspring diapause outcome was recorded. Progeny outcome data were informative for only two of the four study years. Generally, progeny of Utah mothers exposed to long and very long photoperiods were more likely to be non-diapausers compared to progeny of mothers exposed to short and control photoperiods. Short and long (but not very long) photoperiod maternal exposures increased the likelihood of diapause aversion in Canada progeny. Performing multiyear field studies on geographically distinct populations is imperative for revealing environmental challenges and inconsistent bee performance that can impair analyses and interpretation. Future similar studies are needed to more fully evaluate photoperiod effects on diapause.

中文翻译：

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关于后代滞育状态的光周期对 Megachile rotundata（膜翅目：Megachilidae）雌性的影响：数据审查的重要性

摘要 Megachile rotundata F. 种群被管理为苜蓿，Medicago sativa L.（豆科）授粉，用于北美西部的种子生产。夏季由越冬的圆角鲎雌性产生的一些后代作为预蛹进入滞育期越冬并在第二年成为成虫。其他后代在夏季避免滞育进入成虫。滞育诱导或厌恶的调控机制尚不清楚；该过程显然涉及多个综合因素。这项为期 4 年的研究旨在确定蜜蜂母蜂暴露于短、长、极长和自然光周期对其产生非滞育和滞育后代的影响。来自犹他州和加拿大的刚刚出土的成年蜜蜂在孵化器中暴露于不同的光周期 3 天，然后被释放到放置在盛开的苜蓿上的田间围栏。对照蜜蜂是那些只暴露在户外条件下的蜜蜂。监测每只雌蜂的繁殖情况，并记录后代滞育结果。后代结果数据仅在四个研究年中的两个年提供信息。一般来说，与暴露于短光周期和对照光周期的母亲的后代相比，暴露于长光周期和超长光周期的犹他州母亲的后代更有可能成为非滞育者。短期和长期（但不是很长）光周期母体暴露增加了加拿大后代滞育厌恶的可能性。对地理上不同的种群进行多年实地研究对于揭示可能影响分析和解释的环境挑战和不一致的蜜蜂性能至关重要。未来需要进行类似的研究以更全面地评估光周期对滞育的影响。