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Gum feeder as environmental enrichment for zoo marmosets and tamarins
Zoo Biology ( IF 1.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-01 , DOI: 10.1002/zoo.21531
Barbara Regaiolli 1 , Chiara Angelosante 2 , Giovanna Marliani 2 , Pier Attilio Accorsi 2 , Stefano Vaglio 1, 3, 4 , Caterina Spiezio 1
Affiliation  

Tamarins and marmosets are small-bodied social callitrichines. Wild callitrichines feed on exudates, such as sap and gum; particularly, marmosets are mainly gummivores, while tamarins consume gums only occasionally and opportunistically. Zoo marmosets and tamarins are usually provided with gum arabic as an alternative to the exudates normally found in the wild. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a gum feeder on the behavior and well-being of four zoo-managed callitrichines. We studied four cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus), four red-handed tamarins (S. midas), two pygmy marmosets (Cebuella pygmaea), and three Geoffroy's marmosets (Callithrix geoffroyi) housed at Parco Natura Viva (Italy). We conducted the study over two different periods, a baseline (control, without the gum feeder) and then a gum feeder (when the gum feeder was provided) period. We used continuous focal animal sampling to collect behavioral data, including durations of social and individual behaviors. We collected 240 min of observations per period per study subject, with a total of 3,120 min for all the subjects in the same period and of 6,240 min in both periods. We analyzed data by using nonparametric statistical tests. First, we found that the gum feeder promoted species-specific behaviors, such as exploration, and diminished self-directed behaviors, suggesting an enriching effect on tamarin and marmoset behavior. Moreover, in red-handed tamarins, the provision of the gum feeder reduced the performance of self-directed and abnormal behavior, specifically coprophagy. These results confirm that gum feeders are effective foraging enrichment tools for zoo marmosets and tamarins.

中文翻译:

口香糖喂食器作为动物园狨猴和狨猴的环境丰容

狨猴和狨猴是体型较小的群居动物。野生 callitrichines 以分泌物为食,如树液和树胶;特别是,狨猴主要是食胶动物,而狨猴只是偶尔和机会性地食用牙龈。动物园狨猴和狨猴通常含有阿拉伯树胶,作为通常在野外发现的分泌物的替代品。本研究的目的是评估口香糖喂食器对四种动物园管理的 callitrichine 的行为和健康的影响。我们研究了饲养在 Parco Natura Viva(意大利)的四只棉顶狨 (Saguinus oedipus)、四只红手狨 (S. midas)、两只侏儒狨猴 (Cebuella pygmaea) 和三只 Geoffroy 狨猴 (Callithrix geoffroyi)。我们在两个不同的时期进行了研究,一个基线(对照,没有口香糖送料器),然后是口香糖送料器(当提供口香糖送料器时)。我们使用连续焦点动物采样来收集行为数据,包括社会和个人行为的持续时间。我们在每个研究对象的每个时期收集了 240 分钟的观察结果,所有受试者在同一时期总共为 3,120 分钟,在两个时期各为 6,240 分钟。我们使用非参数统计检验分析数据。首先,我们发现口香糖饲养者促进了物种特定的行为,例如探索,并减少了自我导向的行为,这表明对狨和狨猴行为的丰富影响。此外,在红手狨猴中,口香糖喂食器的提供降低了自我导向和异常行为的表现,特别是食粪。
更新日期:2020-03-01
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