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Calpain-1 ablation partially rescues disease-associated hallmarks in models of Machado-Joseph disease.
Human Molecular Genetics ( IF 3.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-04-15 , DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa010
Jonasz J Weber 1, 2, 3 , Eva Haas 1, 2 , Yacine Maringer 1, 2 , Stefan Hauser 4 , Nicolas L P Casadei 1, 2 , Athar H Chishti 5 , Olaf Riess 1, 2 , Jeannette Hübener-Schmid 1, 2
Affiliation  

Proteolytic fragmentation of polyglutamine-expanded ataxin-3 is a concomitant and modifier of the molecular pathogenesis of Machado-Joseph disease (MJD), the most common autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia. Calpains, a group of calcium-dependent cysteine proteases, are important mediators of ataxin-3 cleavage and implicated in multiple neurodegenerative conditions. Pharmacologic and genetic approaches lowering calpain activity showed beneficial effects on molecular and behavioural disease characteristics in MJD model organisms. However, specifically targeting one of the calpain isoforms by genetic means has not yet been evaluated as a potential therapeutic strategy. In our study, we tested whether calpains are overactivated in the MJD context and if reduction or ablation of calpain-1 expression ameliorates the disease-associated phenotype in MJD cells and mice. In all analysed MJD models, we detected an elevated calpain activity at baseline. Lowering or removal of calpain-1 in cells or mice counteracted calpain system overactivation and led to reduced cleavage of ataxin-3 without affecting its aggregation. Moreover, calpain-1 knockout in YAC84Q mice alleviated excessive fragmentation of important synaptic proteins. Despite worsening some motor characteristics, YAC84Q mice showed a rescue of body weight loss and extended survival upon calpain-1 knockout. Together, our findings emphasize the general potential of calpains as a therapeutic target in MJD and other neurodegenerative diseases.

中文翻译:

Calpain-1消融可部分挽救Machado-Joseph疾病模型中与疾病相关的特征。

聚谷氨酰胺扩展的紫杉素3的蛋白水解片段化是Machado-Joseph病(MJD)(最常见的常染色体显性小脑共济失调)分子发病机制的伴随剂和调节剂。钙蛋白酶,一组钙依赖性半胱氨酸蛋白酶,是抗紫杉醇3的重要介体,并参与多种神经退行性疾病。降低钙蛋白酶活性的药理和遗传方法对MJD模型生物的分子和行为疾病特征显示出有益的影响。然而,尚未通过遗传手段特异性靶向钙蛋白酶同工型之一作为潜在的治疗策略。在我们的研究中 我们测试了钙蛋白酶在MJD环境中是否被过度激活,以及钙蛋白酶1表达的减少或消融是否改善了MJD细胞和小鼠中与疾病相关的表型。在所有分析的MJD模型中,我们在基线都检测到钙蛋白酶活性升高。细胞或小鼠中钙蛋白酶-1的降低或去除抵消了钙蛋白酶系统的过度活化,并导致了共青紫杉素3的裂解减少,而不影响其聚集。此外,YAC84Q小鼠中的钙蛋白酶-1基因敲除减轻了重要突触蛋白的过度断裂。尽管恶化了某些运动特性,但在用calpain-1敲除后,YAC84Q小鼠仍可挽救体重,并延长了生存期。总之,我们的发现强调了钙蛋白酶在MJD和其他神经退行性疾病中作为治疗靶标的一般潜力。在所有分析的MJD模型中,我们在基线都检测到钙蛋白酶活性升高。细胞或小鼠中钙蛋白酶-1的降低或去除抵消了钙蛋白酶系统的过度活化,并导致了共青紫杉素3的裂解减少,而不影响其聚集。此外,YAC84Q小鼠中的钙蛋白酶-1基因敲除减轻了重要突触蛋白的过度断裂。尽管恶化了某些运动特性,但在用calpain-1敲除后,YAC84Q小鼠仍可挽救体重,并延长了生存期。总之,我们的发现强调了钙蛋白酶在MJD和其他神经退行性疾病中作为治疗靶标的一般潜力。在所有分析的MJD模型中,我们在基线都检测到钙蛋白酶活性升高。细胞或小鼠中钙蛋白酶-1的降低或去除抵消了钙蛋白酶系统的过度活化,并导致了共青紫杉素3的裂解减少,而不影响其聚集。此外,YAC84Q小鼠中的钙蛋白酶-1基因敲除减轻了重要突触蛋白的过度断裂。尽管使某些运动特性恶化,但YAC84Q小鼠在钙蛋白酶-1基因敲除后仍可挽救体重,并延长了生存期。总之,我们的发现强调了钙蛋白酶在MJD和其他神经退行性疾病中作为治疗靶标的一般潜力。细胞或小鼠中钙蛋白酶-1的降低或去除抵消了钙蛋白酶系统的过度活化,并导致了共青紫杉素3的裂解减少,而不影响其聚集。此外,YAC84Q小鼠中的钙蛋白酶-1基因敲除减轻了重要突触蛋白的过度断裂。尽管恶化了某些运动特性,但在用calpain-1敲除后,YAC84Q小鼠仍可挽救体重,并延长了生存期。总之,我们的发现强调了钙蛋白酶在MJD和其他神经退行性疾病中作为治疗靶标的一般潜力。细胞或小鼠中钙蛋白酶-1的降低或去除抵消了钙蛋白酶系统的过度活化,并导致了共青紫杉素3的裂解减少,而不影响其聚集。此外,YAC84Q小鼠中的钙蛋白酶-1基因敲除减轻了重要突触蛋白的过度断裂。尽管恶化了某些运动特性,但在用calpain-1敲除后,YAC84Q小鼠仍可挽救体重,并延长了生存期。总之,我们的发现强调了钙蛋白酶在MJD和其他神经退行性疾病中作为治疗靶标的一般潜力。
更新日期:2020-04-17
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