PURPOSE To validate four established, child-friendly functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) language tasks (word chain task [WCT], vowel identification task [VIT], synonym task [SYT] and beep story task [BST]) in a predominantly pediatric cohort. METHODS Intracarotid amobarbital procedures (IAP) (n = 17) and unchanged language after hemispherotomy (n = 6) were used as gold standards. The fMRI activations of nine regions of interest (ROI) in the frontal, temporal and parietal lobes as well as in the cerebellum were visually assessed in 23 fMRI examinations (in total 117 fMRI task sessions) of 23 patients (age range 10.0-23.0 years) with drug-refractory epilepsies. RESULTS The ROIs were considered valid when they showed activation in more than 25% of all sessions for the respective task and never showed false lateralization (in comparison to gold standards). Thus, 13 valid, task-specific ROIs were identified: 5 ROIs for the WCT (frontal operculum, inferior frontal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, intraparietal sulcus, cerebellum), 3 ROIs for the VIT (frontal operculum, inferior frontal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus), 3 ROIs for the SYT (frontal operculum, inferior frontal gyrus, temporal language area) and 2 ROIs for the BST (inferior frontal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus). CONCLUSION Clinical fMRI using the battery of four tasks is a valid tool for lateralizing language in children, adolescents and young adults. Each task proved to be specifically useful, which confirms that applying different tasks increases the probability of diagnosing language dominance in presurgical candidates.

中文翻译：

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儿童、青少年和年轻人的术前语言功能磁共振成像：一项验证研究。

目的 验证四个既定的、儿童友好的功能磁共振成像 (fMRI) 语言任务（词链任务 [WCT]、元音识别任务 [VIT]、同义词任务 [SYT] 和哔哔故事任务 [BST]）队列。方法 颈动脉内阿莫巴比妥手术 (IAP) (n = 17) 和半球切开术后语言不变 (n = 6) 被用作金标准。在 23 名患者（年龄范围 10.0-23.0 岁）的 23 次 fMRI 检查（总共 117 次 fMRI 任务会话）中，对额叶、颞叶和顶叶以及小脑中 9 个感兴趣区域 (ROI) 的 fMRI 激活进行了视觉评估) 药物难治性癫痫。结果 当 ROI 在超过 25% 的各个任务的所有会话中显示激活并且从未显示出错误的偏侧化（与黄金标准相比）时，它们被认为是有效的。因此，确定了 13 个有效的、特定于任务的 ROI：WCT 的 5 个 ROI（额叶盖、额下回、额中回、顶内沟、小脑），VIT 的 3 个 ROI（额叶盖、额下回、中额叶）回），SYT（额叶盖、额下回、颞语言区）的 3 个 ROIs 和 BST（额下回、额中回）的 2 个 ROIs。结论 使用四项任务组合的临床 fMRI 是一种有效的工具，可用于儿童、青少年和年轻成人的语言偏侧化。每项任务都被证明特别有用，